ICD-11 Beta draft and Bodily Distress Disorders; Per Fink and Bodily Distress Syndrome: Parts One and Two

February 3, 2013 by

ICD-11 Beta draft and Bodily Distress Disorders; Per Fink and Bodily Distress Syndrome Parts One and Two

Post #222 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2Dz

Caveats: The ICD-11 Beta drafting platform is not a static document: it is a work in progress, subject to daily edits and revisions, to field test evaluation and to approval by Topic Advisory Group Managing Editors, the ICD Revision Steering Group and WHO classification experts. The current draft may differ to the information in this report.

Part One

On January 6, I posted a brief update on proposals for the revision of ICD-10’s Somatoform Disorders based on what can be seen in the public version of the ICD-11 Beta drafting platform and on a book chapter by Professor, Sir David Goldberg. [1]

Professor Goldberg chairs the working group for revision of the mental health chapter of ICD-1o-PHC, the abridged, primary care version of ICD-10.

For the revision of ICD-10’s Somatoform Disorders sections for ICD-11, a WHO Expert Working Group on Somatic Distress and Dissociative Disorders has been assembled.

Professor Francis Creed (also a member of the DSM-5 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Work Group) is a member of this WHO working group, which is chaired by Professor Oye Gureje.

An April 2011 announcement by Stony Brook Medical Center states that Dr Joan E. Broderick, PhD had been appointed to the WHO Expert Working Group on Somatic Distress and Dissociative Disorders and that the first meeting of the group (said to consist of 17 international behavioral health professionals) was expected to be held in June 2011, in Madrid.

WHO has not published a list of  members of this working group or any progress reports and the names and affiliations of the 14 other members are unknown, so I am unable to confirm whether Professor Per Fink is a member of the group, which reports to the International Advisory Group for the Revision of ICD-10 Mental and Behavioural Disorders.

ICD-11 and Bodily Distress Disorders

ICD-11 is currently scheduled for completion in 2015/16. When viewing the public version of the Beta drafting platform please bear in mind the ICD-11 Revision Caveats: that the Beta draft is a work in progress, updated daily, is incomplete, may contain errors and is subject to change; not all proposals may be approved by the ICD-11 Revision Steering Committee or WHO classification experts, or retained following analysis of ICD-11 and ICD-11-PHC field trials.

The Bodily Distress Disorders section of ICD-11 Beta draft Chapter 5 can be found here:

Foundation View: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/f/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1472866636
Linearization View: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1472866636

As the ICD-11 Beta drafting platform stands at the time of compiling this report, the existing ICD-10 Somatoform Disorders are proposed to be subsumed under or replaced by Bodily Distress Disorders, and Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere.

The following proposed ICD-11 categories are listed as child categories under parent term, Bodily Distress Disorders, and Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere:

EC5 Mild bodily distress disorder
EC6 Moderate bodily distress disorder
EC7 Severe bodily distress disorder
EC8 Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere

No Definition or any other Content Model parameters have been populated for the proposed categories EC5, EC6 and EC7, which are new entities to ICD. (EC8 is a legacy category from ICD-10.)

Note that the sorting codes assigned to categories are subject to frequent change as chapters are reorganized.

From the information currently displaying in the Beta draft, it is not possible to determine:

• how ICD-11 proposes to define Bodily Distress Disorders;

• what diagnostic criteria are being proposed;

• whether diagnostic criteria would be based on a requirement for excessive or disproportionate psychological and behavioral characteristics in response to distressing somatic symptoms, such as illness anxiety, symptom focusing, catastrophising, maladaptive coping strategies, avoidance behavior or misattribution; or based on somatic symptom counts, or specific symptom clusters, or number of bodily systems affected, or a combination of these;

• how the three Severity Specifiers: Mild, Moderate and Severe would be categorized;

• how the three Severities would be assessed for within primary and secondary care;

• whether ICD-11’s proposed Bodily Distress Disorder construct is intended to mirror or incorporate DSM-5’s Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) construct, in line with ICD-11/DSM-5 harmonization, or

• whether it is intended to mirror or incorporate Per Fink’s Bodily Distress Syndrome (BDS) construct, or to combine elements from both;

• whether the Bodily Distress Disorder construct is proposed only to be applied to patients with distressing ‘medically unexplained somatic symptoms’ (MUS), or the so-called ‘Functional somatic syndromes’ (FSS), if the patient is considered to also meet the BDD criteria, or

• whether it is proposed to be inclusive of patients with distressing somatic symptoms in the presence of diagnosed illness and general medical conditions, if the patient is considered to also meet the criteria;

• whether the Bodily Distress Disorder construct is proposed to be inclusive of parents or caregivers perceived as encouraging maintenance of sick role behavior or over-involved.

• whether the Bodily Distress Disorder construct is proposed to be inclusive of children;

• whether it is proposed that all or selected of the following: Neurasthenia and Fatigue syndrome (F48.0), Chronic fatigue syndrome (indexed to G93.3 in ICD-10; classified in ICD-11 Beta draft as an ICD Title term in Chapter 6: Diseases of the nervous system), IBS (K58), and Fibromyalgia (M79.7) should be reclassified under Bodily Distress Disorders;

• whether the Bodily Distress Disorder construct is proposed to subsume ICD-10’s Hypochondriacal disorder with somatic symptoms or incorporate this entity under Illness Anxiety Disorder for ICD-11.

(For ICD-11, ICD-10’s Hypochondriacal disorder [F45.2] is currently proposed to be renamed to Illness Anxiety Disorder and located underANXIETY AND FEAR-RELATED DISORDERS.)

 • what ICD-11 proposes to do with ICD-10’s Neurasthenia;

(ICD-10’s Chapter V Neurasthenia [F48.0] is no longer listed in the public version of the ICD-11 Beta draft. For ICD-11-PHC, the primary care version of ICD-11, the proposal is for the term Neurasthenia to be eliminated. Since terms used in ICD-11-PHC require corresponding terms in the main classification, the intention may be to eliminate Neurasthenia from the main version, or subsume under another term.) [2]

All that can be determined from the Beta draft is that these earlier ICD-11 Beta draft Somatoform Disorders categories appear proposed to be subsumed under or replaced with the new BDD categories, EC5, EC6 and EC7, set out above:

Somatization disorder [F45.0 in ICD-10]
Undifferentiated somatoform disorder [F45.1 in ICD-10]
Somatoform autonomic dysfunction [F45.3 in ICD-10]
Persistent somatoform pain disorder [F45.4 in ICD-10]
    > Persistent somatoform pain disorder
    > Chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors [Not in ICD-10]
Other somatoform disorders [F45.8 in ICD-10]
Somatoform disorder, unspecified [F45.9 in ICD-10]

I have previously reported that for ICD-11-PHC, the proposal, last year, was for a new disorder section called Bodily distress disorders, under which would sit new category Bodily stress [sic] syndrome.

This category is proposed for the ICD-11 primary care version to include “milder somatic symptom disorders” as well as “DSM-5’s Complex somatic symptom disorder” and would replace “medically unexplained somatic symptoms.” [2]

In a future post (Part Three of this report), I shall be discussing emerging proposals for the ICD-11 construct, Bodily Distress Disorders, which may serve to fill in some of the gaps.

In the meantime, since it is unclear whether and to what extent the ICD-11 Bodily Distress Disorders category is proposed to mirror or incorporate the Bodily Distress Syndrome construct developed by Per Fink et al, Aarhus, Denmark, I am providing some material on Bodily Distress Syndrome in Part Two

Filed under Bodily Distress Disorders, Bodily distress syndrome, DSM-5 draft proposals, ICD revision process, ICD-10, ICD-11 Beta Draft, MUS, Somatic Symptom Disorder, Somatoform Disorders, WHO (World Health Organization) Tagged with , , , , , , , , ,

Brief update on DSM-5 ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’

January 30, 2013 by

Brief update on DSM-5 ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’

Post #221 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2Dd

As previously reported, all draft proposals for categories and criteria for DSM-5 were frozen on the DSM-5 Development website on June 15, 2012, immediately following the closure of the third and final stakeholder review and comment period.

Changes made to the draft after June 15, 2012 are embargoed and final disorder descriptions and criteria sets won’t be evident until DSM-5 is released, in May, this year, unless APA elects to release selected information.

The manual texts that expand on the various disorder sections and the categories that sit within them have not been made public at any stage in the development process. It is understood that for the ‘Somatic Symptom Disorders’ group, for example, the manual text that accompanies these new categories and criteria sets will run to five or six pages.

On November 15, 2012, APA removed the entire third draft from the DSM-5 Development website.

According to this APA Permissions, Licensing & Reprints page, because the most recently posted draft [the third draft that was released on May 2, 2012] has undergone revisions and is no longer current, the criteria texts have been removed from the website in order to avoid confusion or use of outdated categories and definitions. [1]

The page also states that although APA Board of Trustees approved all the proposed diagnoses [in December, 2012] there continue to be minor editorial and content changes as APA moves towards the final stages of the publication process.

Although the DSM-5 Development Timeline has “Final Revisions by the APA Task Force; Final Approval by APA Board of Trustees; Submission to American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc” scheduled for December 2012, according to my sources, the manual texts were now expected to be finalized for the publishers by end of January.

 

DSM-5 Table of Contents

As also previously reported, APA has created new pages for information and resources for DSM-5, where a number of new articles and documents are available to download. [2][3]

http://www.psychiatry.org/dsm5

Documents include a DSM-5 Table of Contents which lists the disorder sections and the category terms that sit within them.

The DSM-5 Table of Contents reveals that changes to the overall section name for  the ‘Somatic Symptom Disorders’ categories and to the category names that sit within this section have been made since closure of the third and final draft.

For the overall disorder section name, DSM-5 will now be using

‘Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders’

rather than

‘Somatic Symptom Disorders’ as per the first, second and third drafts.

For the third draft, the 6 disorders proposed to sit under this disorder section were:

Somatic Symptom Disorders (SSD)

J 00 Somatic Symptom Disorder
J 01 Illness Anxiety Disorder
J 02 Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
J 03 Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition
J 04 Factitious Disorder
J 05 Somatic Symptom Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified

7 categories are now listed (on Page 3) of the DSM-5 Table of Contents as follows:

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Somatic Symptom Disorder
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions
Factitious Disorder
Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder
Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder

Other than these revisions to the SSD disorder section name and category names, there are no other texts disclosed within the DSM-5 Table of Contents. So whatever text is included for the latter two categories, ‘Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder’ and ‘Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder,’ isn’t known.

Whether any revisions have been made to the disorder descriptions and criteria for the five other disorders since the third draft proposals were posted is also unknown because of the embargo on disclosure of changes to categories and criteria beyond June 15, last year.

 

SSD Work Group asked to reconsider

In December, Allen Frances, MD, who had chaired the Task Force that had oversight of the development of DSM-IV, asked the SSD Work Group, key APA Board of Trustees members and Task Force Chairs to reconsider the proposals for specifically the ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ category. [4]

These representations were made in response to Dr Frances’ own considerable concerns, and those of lay and professional stakeholders, for the looseness of the SSD definition and criteria set, as it had stood at the third draft, and the absence of a body of robust evidence for the validity and safety of ‘SSD’ as a construct, and data on likely prevalence rates.

Dr Frances also proffered suggestions for revisions that he considered would tighten up the criteria and reduce the potential for misapplication.

The response on behalf of the work group was that although Dr Frances’ suggestions were discussed, the work group would not be revising their recommendations. [5]

It is not known whether the concerns raised by Dr Frances in December were discussed beyond the SSD Work Group with the DSM-5 Task Force or with the APA Board of Trustees, who are responsible for approving proposals and therefore accountable for the content of the forthcoming manual.

 

ICD-11 and DSM-5

In a January 18 article for Psychiatric News, organ of the APA, Mark Moran reports:

“Kupfer [DSM-5 Task Force Chair] said the classification of disorders is largely harmonized with the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD) so that the DSM criteria sets are more parallel with the proposed ICD-11. In DSM-5 both the current ICD-9-CM and the future standard ICD-10-CM codes (scheduled for 2014) are attached to the relevant disorders in the classification.” [6]

As reported in my Dx Revision Watch post of January 6, at the time of writing, current proposals in the ICD-11 Beta draft have ICD-10’s ‘Somatoform Disorders’ replaced with ‘Bodily Distress Disorders, and Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere,’ with three, as yet undefined, Severities of ‘Bodily Distress Disorder.’ [7]

It remains to be clarified whether ICD-11’s Beta draft proposals for three Severities of ‘Bodily Distress Disorder’ to replace six ICD-10 ‘Somatoform Disorders’ proposes to mirror Per Fink’s definition and criteria for ‘Bodily Distress Syndrome’ or are more closely aligned with DSM-5‘s ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder,’ in keeping with the APA and WHO’s joint commitment to strive, where possible, for harmonization between the category names, glossary descriptions and criteria across the two systems. [8]

(I shall be addressing this issue in a future post.)

I have previously reported that for ICD-11-PHC, the abridged, Primary Health Care version of ICD-11, the proposal, last year, was for a disorder section called ‘Bodily distress disorders,’ under which would sit ‘Bodily stress [sic] syndrome.’ [9]

According to Professor, Sir David Goldberg, this category is proposed for ICD-11 Primary Health Care version to include “milder somatic symptom disorders” as well as “DSM-5′s Complex somatic symptom disorder” and would replace “medically unexplained somatic symptoms.” These proposals are subject to rejection or modification following ICD-11 Field Trials. [10]

DSM-5 is scheduled for release at the APA’s 166th Annual Meeting (San Francisco, May 18-22).

 

References and related reports

1] American Psychiatric Publishing Permissions, Licensing & Reprints

2] New DSM-5 webpages

3] DSM-5 Table of Contents

4] Mislabeling Medical Illness As Mental Disorder: The Eleventh DSM-5 Mistake, Psychology Today, DSM5 in Distress, Allen Frances, MD, December 8, 2012

5] Bad News: DSM 5 Refuses to Correct Somatic Symptom Disorder, Psychology Today, DSM5 in Distress, Allen Frances, MD, January 16, 2012

6] Continuity and Changes Mark New Text of DSM-5, Psychiatric News, Volume 48, Number 2, January 18, 2013: pp. 1-6 

7] ICD-11 Beta Draft Public Version: Bodily Distress Disorders
http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fwho.int%2ficd%23F45

8] Fink P, Schröder A. One single diagnosis, bodily distress syndrome, succeeded to capture ten diagnostic categories of functional somatic syndromes and somatoform disorders. J Psychosom Res 2010;68:415-26
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20403500

9] Lam TP, Goldberg DP, Dowell AC, Fortes S, Mbatia JK, Minhas FA, Klinkman MS. Proposed new diagnoses of anxious depression and bodily stress syndrome in ICD-11-PHC: an international focus group study. Fam Pract 2012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22843638

10] Goldberg DP. Comparison Between ICD and DSM Diagnostic Systems for Mental Disorders. In: Sorel E, (Ed.) 21st Century Global Mental Health. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2012: 37-53 [Free PDF Sample Chapter 2]

11] Somatic Symptom Disorder could capture millions more under mental health diagnosis, Suzy Chapman for Dx Revision Watch, May 26, 2012

Filed under Allen Frances, American Psychiatric Association (APA), Bodily Distress Disorders, Bodily stress syndrome, Criticism of DSM-V, DSM-5, DSM-5, DSM-5 draft proposals, DSM-5 in the media, Somatic Symptom Disorder, Somatoform Disorders Tagged with , , , , , , , , ,

Update on ICD-11 Beta draft: Bodily Distress Disorder

January 6, 2013 by

Updates on ICD-11 Beta draft: Bodily Distress Disorder (proposed for ICD-11 Chapter 5: Mental and behavioural disorders); Chronic fatigue syndrome; Postviral fatigue syndrome; Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis (Chapter 6: Diseases of the nervous system)

Post #218 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2Bg

Dr Elena Garralda presentation slides:

http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/Garralda%20E.pdf

or open here: Click link for PDF document    Garralda presentation Somatization in Childhood

Slide 1

Somatization in childhood

The child psychiatrist’s concern?

Elena Garralda

CAP Faculty Meeting, RCPsych Manchester, September 2012

Slide 11

New ICD-11 and DSM-V classifications

. Somatoform disorders >>>
– Bodily distress syndrome (ICD-11)
– Complex Somatic symptom disorder (DSM-V)

[Preceded by downward pointing arrow]

“Unexplained” or “functional” medical symptoms (CFS, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome)

[Preceded by upward pointing arrow]

Physical complaint (s)
with subjective distress/preoccupation ++,
illness beliefs impairment
health help seeking

+++

Notes on ICD-11 Beta drafting platform and DSM-5 draft by Suzy Chapman for Dx Revision Watch:

These notes may be reposted, if reposted in full, source credited, link provided, and date of publication included.

January 6, 2013

1] The publicly viewable version of the ICD-11 Beta drafting platform can be accessed here:
Foundation view: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/f/en
Linearization view: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en

2] The various ICD-11 Revision Topic Advisory Groups are developing the Beta draft on a separate, more complex platform accessible only to ICD-11 Revision.

3] The ICD-11 Beta draft is a work in progress and not scheduled for completion until 2015/16. When viewing the public version of the Beta draft please note the ICD-11 Revision Caveats. Note also that not all proposals may be retained following analysis of the field trials for ICD-11 and ICD-11-PCH, the abridged Primary Care version of ICD-11:
http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/Help/Get/caveat/en

4] The Bodily Distress Disorders section of the ICD-11 Beta draft Chapter 5 can be found here:
http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/f/en#/http%3a%2f%2fwho.int%2ficd%23F45
http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fwho.int%2ficd%23F45

According to the public version of the ICD-11 Beta drafting platform, the existing ICD-10 Somatoform Disorders are currently proposed to be replaced with Bodily Distress Disorders, and Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere, not with Bodily distress syndrome as Dr Garralda has in her slide presentation.

The following proposed ICD-11 categories are listed as child categories under parent, Bodily Distress Disorders, and Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere:

EC5 Mild bodily distress disorder
EC6 Moderate bodily distress disorder
EC7 Severe bodily distress disorder
EC8 Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere

There are no Definitions nor any other descriptors populated for the proposed, new ICD categories EC5 thru EC7.

EC8 is a legacy category from ICD-10 and has some populated content imported from ICD-10.

+++
These earlier ICD-11 Beta draft Somatoform Disorders categories appear proposed to be eliminated and replaced with the four new categories EC5 thru EC8, listed above:

Somatization disorder [F45.0 in ICD-10]
Undifferentiated somatoform disorder [F45.1 in ICD-10]
Somatoform autonomic dysfunction [F45.3 in ICD-10]
Persistent somatoform pain disorder [F45.4 in ICD-10]
    > Persistent somatoform pain disorder
    > Chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors [Not in ICD-10]
Other somatoform disorders [F45.8 in ICD-10]
Somatoform disorder, unspecified [F45.9 in ICD-10]

5] The existing ICD-10 Chapter V category Neurasthenia [ICD-10: F48.0] is no longer accounted for in the public version of the ICD-11 Beta draft. I have previously reported that for ICD-11-PHC, the Primary Care version of ICD-11, the proposal is to eliminate the term Neurasthenia.

(I cannot confirm whether the currently omission of Neurasthenia from the Beta draft is due to oversight or because ICD-11 Revision’s intention is that Neurasthenia is also eliminated from the main ICD-11 classification.)

+++
6] I have previously reported that for ICD-11-PHC, the abridged, Primary Care version of ICD-11, the proposal, last year, was for a disorder section called Bodily distress disorders, under which would sit Bodily stress syndrome [sic].

This category is proposed for ICD-11 Primary Care version to include “milder somatic symptom disorders” as well as “DSM-5’s Complex somatic symptom disorder” and would replace “medically unexplained somatic symptoms.”

7] Dr Garralda lists Complex Somatic symptom disorder (DSM-V) on Slide 11 of her presentation.

The manual texts for the next edition of DSM are in the process of being finalized for a projected release date of May 2013. The next edition of DSM will be published under the title DSM-5 not DSM-V . The intention is that once published, updates and revisions to DSM-5 will be styled: DSM-5.1, DSM-5.2 etc.

When the third draft of DSM-5 was released in May 2012, the proposal was to merge Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder with Simple Somatic Symptom Disorder and to call this hybrid category Somatic Symptom Disorder.

This would mean that this new disorder has the same name as the overall disorder section it sits under, which replaces DSM-IV’s Somatoform Disorders.

As any subsequent changes to draft criteria sets following closure of the third stakeholder review are embargoed, I cannot confirm whether the SSD Work Group has decided to rename this category to Somatic symptom Disorder or retain the original term, Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder, the term used by Dr Garralda in her presentation.

+++
8] Turning from ICD-11 Beta draft Chapter 5 Mental and behavioural disorders to Chapter 6 Diseases of the nervous system:

As previously reported, Chronic fatigue syndrome is listed under Diseases of the nervous system in the Foundation View. There is no listing for Chronic fatigue syndrome in the Linearization View nor is the term listed in the PDF for Chapter 6, that is available to those who are registered with ICD-11 Beta draft for access to additional content:

http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/f/en#http%3a%2f%2fwho.int%2ficd%23G93.3

Documentation from the ICD-11 iCAT Alpha draft dating from May 2010, implies that the intention for ICD-11 is a change of hierarchy for the existing ICD-10 Title term Postviral fatigue syndrome.

In the ICD-11 Beta draft, Chronic fatigue syndrome (which was listed only within the Index volume of ICD-10 and not listed in Volume 2: The Tabular List) appears to be elevated to ICD Title term status, with potentially up to 12 descriptive parameters yet to be completed and populated in accordance with the ICD-11 “Content Model”.

But the current proposed hierarchical relationship between PVFS and CFS for ICD-11 remains unconfirmed.

See image for documentation from the iCAT Alpha drafting platform, from May 2010:

https://dxrevisionwatch.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/change-history-gj92-cfs.png

There is no discrete ICD Title term displaying for Postviral fatigue syndrome in either the ICD-11 Beta Foundation View or Linearization View.

Neither is there any discrete ICD Title term displaying for Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis in either the Foundation View or Linearization View.

Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis appears at the top of a list of terms under “Synonyms” in the CFS description. [The hover text over the asterisk at the end of “Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis” reads, “This term is an inclusion term in the linearizations.”]

Postviral fatigue syndrome is also listed under “Synonyms” along with a number of other terms imported from other classification systems.

Included in this list under “Synonyms” are “chronic fatigue syndrome nos” and “chronic fatigue, unspecified,” both of which appear to have been sourced from the as yet to be implemented, US specific, ICD-10-CM.

+++
At some recent, unspecified date, a Definition has been inserted for ICD-11 Title term Chronic fatigue syndrome into the previously empty Definition field. An earlier Definition was removed when the Alpha draft was replaced with the Beta draft but can be seen in this screenshot, here, from June 2010:

https://dxrevisionwatch.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/2icatgj92cfsdef.png

The current Definition reads (and be mindful of the ICD-11 Caveats):

“Chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by extreme chronic fatigue of an indeterminate cause, which is disabling andt [sic] does not improve with rest and that is exacerbated by physical or mental activity.”

There are no Definition fields for Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis or Postviral fatigue syndrome as these terms are listed under “Synonyms” to ICD-11 Title term, Chronic fatigue syndrome.

+++
Since one needs to be mindful of the ICD-11 Caveats and as the Chair of Topic Advisory Group for Neurology has failed to respond to a request for clarification of the intention for these three terms and the proposed ICD relationships between them, I am not prepared to draw any conclusions from what can currently be seen in the Beta drafting platform.

I shall continue to monitor the Beta draft and report on any significant changes.

For definitions of “Synonyms,” “Inclusions,” “Exclusions” and other ICD-11 terminology see the iCAT Glossary:
http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icatfiles/iCAT_Glossary.html

+++
Related material:

http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/8%20Ash%20IC2012.pdf

Presentation slides: Medically Unexplained Symptoms pages

Dr Graham Ash, Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust

Website pages featured in the slide presentation:

Medically Unexplained Symptoms

http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/expertadvice/improvingphysicalandmh/aboutthissite.aspx

Dx Revision Watch Post, June 26, 2012: ICD-11 Beta drafting platform: Update (2): Neurasthenia, Postviral fatigue syndrome (PVFS), Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Fibromyalgia (FM), Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): http://wp.me/pKrrB-2mC

Filed under American Psychiatric Association (APA), Bodily Distress Disorders, Bodily stress syndrome, Chronic fatigue syndrome, DSM-5 draft proposals, Francis Creed, ICD-11 Beta Draft, Myalgic encephalomyelitis, Postviral fatigue syndrome, Somatic Symptom Disorder, Somatoform Disorders Tagged with , , , , , , , , ,

Slide presentation: Per Fink: Somatoform disorders – functional somatic syndromes – Bodily distress syndrome (EACLPP lecture, June 2012)

August 2, 2012 by

Slide presentation: Per Fink: Somatoform disorders – functional somatic syndromes – Bodily distress syndrome (EACLPP lecture, June 2012)

Post #197 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2pN

Slide presentation: Per Fink: Somatoform disorders – functional somatic syndromes – Bodily distress syndrome (EACLPP lecture, June 2012)

23 slides in PDF format (i.e. no PowerPoint viewer required)

       EACLPP Per Fink Somatoform Disorders

Aarhus University Hospital

The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics

Somatoform disorders – functional somatic syndromes – Bodily distress syndrome.

Need for care and organisation of care in an international perspective – EACLPP Lecture

Prof. Per Fink

MD, Ph.D, Dr.Med.Sc.

www.functionaldisorders.dk

+++

June 2012 EACLPP Annual Conference*

*The European Association of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics (EACLPP) and the European Network of Psychosomatic Medicine (ECPR) have recently merged the two associations to create a new society – the European Association of Psychosomatic Medicine (EAPM).

The Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Association for Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics (EACLPP) and the European Conference on Psychosomatic Research (ECPR) was entitled

“Towards a New Agenda: Cross-disciplinary Approach to Psychosomatic Medicine”

The conference was held in the city of Aarhus, Denmark, on 27 – 30 June 2012.

For last year’s conference, a report was published. I will post any report coming out of this year’s conference.

A Conference Abstract document be accessed here:

http://www.eaclpp-ecpr2012.dk/Home/DownloadOral

Selected Extracts:

Page 61 Nagel A

Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf & Schön Klinik Hamburg-Eilbek, Germany, Voigt K Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf & Schön Klinik Hamburg-Eilbek, Germany

Diagnostic validity of Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder: Which combination of psychological criteria is best suited for DSM-5?

Page 17 Budtz-Lilly A

The Research Unit for General Practice, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark

Bodily Distress Syndrome: A new diagnosis for functional disorders in primary care

Page 19 Escobar J

Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

An Update on DSM-5

Page 32 Fjorback L

Aarhus University Hospital, Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics

Mindfulness Therapy for Bodily Distress Syndrome – randomized trial, one-year follow-up, active control

+++

Notes on Fink et al and Bodily Distress Syndrome (BDS)

According to Fink and colleagues, Bodily Distress Syndrome is a unifying diagnosis that encompasses somatization disorder, so-called “medically unexplained symptoms” (MUS), fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome and some other conditions which they consider to be closely related, with a likely shared underlying aetiology.

See paper: Fink P, Schröder A. One single diagnosis, bodily distress syndrome, succeeded to capture 10 diagnostic categories of functional somatic syndromes and somatoform disorders J Psychosom Res. 2010 May;68(5):415-26.

See article: Per Fink,a Marianne Rosendal b Understanding and Management of Functional Somatic Symptoms in Primary Care: The Concept of Functional Somatic Symptoms

aResearch Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
bResearch Unit for General Practice, University of Aarhus, Denmark

See Per Fink’s clinical trial for BDS: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01518647

See BDS clinician/patient manual: Specialised Treatment for Severe Bodily Distress Syndromes (STreSS)

According to a June 2012 EACLPP Conference Abstract, the concept of Bodily Distress Syndrome (BDS) “is expected to be integrated into the upcoming versions of classification systems.”

The potential for inclusion of Bodily Distress Disorder/Syndrome within ICD-11 could have significant implications for patients, globally, who are diagnosed with one of the so-called “functional somatic syndromes.” These proposals require very close monitoring by patient organizations in those countries that will be implementing ICD-11, post 2015.

Research and clinical professionals, patient organizations and their professional advisors can register now with ICD Revision for input into the ongoing drafting process and urge organizations and professionals to engage in this process.

Abstracts, oral presentations, EACLPP Conference: 27 – 30 June 2012, Aarhus University Campus, Aarhus – Denmark

http://www.eaclpp-ecpr2012.dk/Home/DownloadOral

Extracts

Page 17 Budtz-Lilly A

The Research Unit for General Practice, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark

Bodily Distress Syndrome: A new diagnosis for functional disorders in primary care

Aim: Medically unexplained or functional symptoms and disorders are common in primary care. Empirical research has proposed specific criteria for a new unifying diagnosis for functional disorders and syndromes: Bodily Distress Syndrome (BDS). This new concept is expected to be integrated into the upcoming versions of classification systems.

And from Page 31 of the Conference Abstracts:

Fjorback L

Aarhus University Hospital, Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics

Mindfulness Therapy for Bodily Distress Syndrome – randomized trial, one-year follow-up, active control

Objective: To conduct a feasibility and efficacy trial of mindfulness therapy in somatization disorder and functional somatic syndromes such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome, defined as bodily distress syndrome (BDS)…

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References and related material:

1] Patients with medically unexplained symptoms and somatisation – a challenge for European health care systems: A white paper of the EACLPP Medically Unexplained Symptoms study group by Peter Henningsen and Francis Creed: http://www.eaclpp.org/working_groups.html
http://www.eaclpp.org/documents/Patientswithmedicallyunexplainedsymptomsandsomatisation_000.doc

2] Creed F, Guthrie E, Fink P, Henningsen P, Rief W, Sharpe M and White. Is there a better term than “Medically unexplained symptoms”? J Psychosom Res: Volume 68, Issue 1, Pages 5-8 January 2010) discusses the deliberations of the EACLPP MUS study group. Editorial also includes references to the DSM and ICD revision processes: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20004295

3] Fink P, Schröder A. One single diagnosis, bodily distress syndrome, succeeded to capture 10 diagnostic categories of functional somatic syndromes and somatoform disorders. J Psychosom Res. 2010 May;68(5):415-26. The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20403500

Fink P, Toft T, Hansen MS, Ørnbøl E, Olesen F. Symptoms and syndromes of bodily distress: an exploratory study of 978 internal medical, neurological, and primary care patients. Psychosom Med. 2007 Jan;69(1):30-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17244846
Full text: http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/content/69/1/30.full

Fink P, Rosendal, M. Recent developments in the understanding and management of functional somatic symptoms in primary care. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2008, 21:182–188

Rosendal M, Fink P, Falkoe E, Schou Hansen H, Olesen F. Improving the Classification of Medically Unexplained Symptoms in Primary Care. Eur. J. Psychiat. v.21 n.1 Zaragoza ene.-mar. 2007
Text: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0213-61632007000100004
PDF: http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/ejpen/v21n1/improv3.pdf

4] EURASMUS  http://eurasmus.net/
The multidisciplinary European Research Association for Somatisation and Medically Unexplained Symptoms(EURASMUS) was formed to study the genetic, psychological and physiological mechanisms underlying bodily distress. Co-convenors: Francis Creed, Peter Henningsen

5] Notes from EACLPP Workgroup meeting in Budapest July 2011

EACLPP_WG_Medically_Unexplained_Symptoms_Budapest_2011

Report from Working group meeting on MUS/somatisation/bodily distress, Budapest July 1st 2011

“…We should find out whether the WHO group for classification of somatic distress and dissociative disorders will provide a better diagnostic system for these disorders.”

6] Article: ‘Heartsinks’ and weird symptoms by Tony Dowell, June 15, 2011.

Article Table: Functional somatic syndromes according to medical speciality:
http://www.nzdoctor.co.nz/media/671495/heartsinks.pdf

Filed under Bodily Distress Disorders, DSM-5 draft proposals, ICD revision process, ICD-10, ICD-11 Beta Draft, ICD-11 consultation, MUS, Somatic Symptom Disorder, Somatoform Disorders, WHO (World Health Organization) Tagged with , , , , , , , , ,

Proposed new diagnoses of anxious depression and bodily stress syndrome in ICD-11-PHC: an international focus group study

August 2, 2012 by

Proposed new diagnoses of anxious depression and bodily stress syndrome in ICD-11-PHC: an international focus group study. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]

Post #196 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2pp

This paper, published on July 28, discusses field testing of two proposed new categories for the forthcoming ICD-11 PHC, “anxious depression” and “bodily stress syndrome (BSS)”.

“Bodily stress syndrome (BSS)” is currently proposed to replace ICD-10 PHC’s “F45 Unexplained somatic complaints” which is the equivalent to ICD-10’s “F45 Somatoform Disorders” section.

For ICD-11 PHC, it is proposed not to include the discrete category “Neurasthenia.”

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Full text, subscription required:

Family Practice (2012) doi: 10.1093/fampra/cms037

First published online: July 28, 2012

http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/07/20/fampra.cms037.long

http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/07/20/fampra.cms037.full.pdf+html

Abstract

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22843638

Lam TP, Goldberg DP, Dowell AC, Fortes S, Mbatia JK, Minhas FA, Klinkman MS

Proposed new diagnoses of anxious depression and bodily stress syndrome in ICD-11-PHC: an international focus group study. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]

Fam Pract 2012 Jul 28.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization is revising the primary care classification of mental and behavioural disorders for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11-Primary Health Care (PHC)) aiming to reduce the disease burden associated with mental disorders among member countries.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the opinions of primary care professionals on proposed new diagnostic entities in draft ICD-11-PHC, namely anxious depression and bodily stress syndrome (BSS).

METHODS: Qualitative study with focus groups of primary health-care workers, using standard interview schedule after draft ICD-11-PHC criteria for each proposed entity was introduced to the participants.

RESULTS: Nine focus groups with 4-15 participants each were held at seven locations: Austria, Brazil, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Pakistan, Tanzania and United Kingdom. There was overwhelming support for the inclusion of anxious depression, which was considered to be very common in primary care settings. However, there were concerns about the 2-week duration of symptoms being too short to make a reliable diagnosis. BSS was considered to be a better term than medically unexplained symptoms but there were disagreements about the diagnostic criteria in the number of symptoms required.

CONCLUSION: Anxious depression is well received by primary care professionals, but BSS requires further modification. International field trials will be held to further test these new diagnoses in draft ICD-11-PHC.

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Notes and related posts:

ICD-10 PHC (sometimes written as ICD-10-PHC or ICD10-PHC or ICD-10 PC), is a simplified version of the WHO’s ICD-10 chapter for mental and behavioural disorders for use in general practice and primary health care settings. This system has rough but not exact equivalence to selected of the mental disorders in the core ICD-10 classification.

The ICD-10 PHC includes and describes 26 disorders commonly managed within primary care as opposed to circa 450 classified within Chapter V of ICD-10.

Click here for a chart showing the grouping of categories adapted from the full ICD-10 version for the existing ICD-10 PHC mental health categories

Professor, Sir David Goldberg, M.D., Emeritus Professor, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, is a member of the DSM-5 Mood Disorders Work Group. Prof Goldberg also chairs the Consultation Group for Classification in Primary Care that is making recommendations for the mental and behavioural disorders for ICD-11 PHC.

Other members of the ICD-11 PHC Consultation Group include Michael Klinkman (GP, United States; Vice Chairman); Sally Chan (nurse, Singapore), Tony Dowell (GP, New Zealand) Sandra Fortes (psychiatrist, Brazil), Linda Gask (psychiatrist, UK), KS Jacob (psychiatrist, India), Tai-Pong Lam (GP, Hong Kong), Joseph Mbatia (psychiatrist, Tanzania), Fareed Minhas (psychiatrist, Pakistan), Marianne Rosendal (GP, Denmark), assisted by WHO Secretariat Geoffrey Reed and Shekhar Saxena.

The majority of patients with mental health problems are diagnosed and managed by general practitioners in primary care – not by psychiatrists and mental health specialists. ICD-10 PHC is used in developed and developing countries in general medical settings and also used in the training of medical officers, nurses and multi purpose health workers.

See also Page 3 of this report:

Changes to ICD-11 Beta drafting platform: Bodily Distress Disorders (1)

Page 3, including Update at July 9: Second list of proposals for ICD-11 PHC

Further information on ICD-10 PHC and proposals for the 28 mental health disorders proposed to be included in ICD-11 PHC can be found in these two documents:

1] Goldberg, D. Guest editorial. A revised mental health classification for use in general medical settings: the ICD11–PHC 1. International Psychiatry, Page 1, February 2011.

http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/IPv8n1.pdf

Note: The list of proposed categories in the editorial above has been superseded by the list in Chapter 2 of this book, below. (Source: Prof D Goldberg, who stresses these are draft proposals and subject to revision in the light of field trial results).

2] 21st Century Global Mental Health by Dr Eliot Sorel, Professor, George Washington University, Washington D.C.

Publication date: August, 2012: http://www.jblearning.com/catalog/9781449627874/

Page 51, Sample Chapter 2: http://samples.jbpub.com/9781449627874/Chapter2.pdf

Filed under Bodily Distress Disorders, Bodily stress syndrome, David Goldberg, Functional Somatic Syndrome (FSS), ICD-10, ICD-11, ICD11-PHC, MUS, Somatoform Disorders, WHO (World Health Organization) Tagged with , , , , , , , , ,

Changes to ICD-11 Beta drafting platform: Bodily Distress Disorders (1)

July 2, 2012 by

Changes to ICD-11 Beta drafting platform: Bodily Distress Disorders (1)

Post #190 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2jB


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This four page post is a revised version of content first published on July 2, 2012.

Information in this report relates to proposals for the World Health Organization’s forthcoming ICD-11, currently scheduled for pilot dissemination in 2015+; it does not relate to the existing ICD-10 or to the forthcoming US specific “clinical modification” of ICD-10, known as ICD-10-CM.

Caveat: The ICD-11 Beta drafting process is a work in progress over the next two to three years. The Beta draft is updated on a daily basis. Parent terms, category terms and sorting codes assigned to categories are subject to change as work on chapter reorganization progresses. Images and text in this posting may not reflect the most recently assigned categories and codes. This post reflects the Beta draft as it stood at July 24, 2012. Please also read the ICD-11 Beta Draft Caveats.

This report updates on recent changes to the Somatoform Disorders section of the ICD-11 Beta drafting platform. The Beta drafting platform can be accessed here:

Beta draft Foundation view:

http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/f/en

Beta draft Linearization view:

http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en
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How do the Somatoform Disorders categories currently stand in ICD-10?

ICD-10 Tabular List Version: 2010 can be accessed here: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en

ICD-10 Chapter V “Somatoform Disorders”

This is the section of ICD-10 that corresponds with the Somatoform Disorders section in DSM-IV. There is a degree of correspondence between current categories for this section of ICD-10 and for DSM-IV, as set out in the (simplified) table, below.

For clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines for ICD-10 Somatoform Disorders see Page 129 of the “Blue book”:

ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines: http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf

Current DSM-IV Codes and Categories for Somatoform Disorders and ICD-10 Chapter V Equivalents

[Ed: Neurasthenia is not categorized within DSM-IV.]

Source: Mayou R, Kirmayer LJ, Simon G, Kroenke K, Sharpe M: Somatoform disorders: time for a new approach in DSM-V. Am J Psychiat. 2005;162:847–855.
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This screenshot shows how the ICD-11 Beta draft had stood at June 24, 2012:

ICD-11 Beta Draft: Morbidity Linearization view


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For ICD-11 Beta draft, the proposal in June 2012 had been to rename ICD-10’s F45 Somatoform Disorders parent category to Bodily Distress Disorders.

Three new proposed terms: 9R0 Mild bodily distress disorder; 9R1 Moderate bodily distress disorder; 9R2 Severe bodily distress disorder were inserted above the 9R3 thru 9R8 legacy categories imported from ICD-10.

ID : http://who.int/icd#F45

05 Mental and behavioural disorders [Chapter V in ICD-10]

[…]

BODILY DISTRESS DISORDERS  [F45 Somatoform Disorders > F40-F48 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders in ICD-10]

9R0 Mild bodily distress disorder  [New term to ICD]
9R1 Moderate bodily distress disorder   [New term to ICD]
9R2 Severe bodily distress disorder  [New term to ICD]
9R3 Somatization disorder  [F45.0 in ICD-10]
9R4 Undifferentiated somatoform disorder  [F45.1 in ICD-10]
9R5 Somatoform autonomic dysfunction   [F45.3 in ICD-10]
9R6 Persistent somatoform pain disorder  [F45.4 in ICD-10] 
    ›  9R6.1 Persistent somatoform pain disorder
    ›  9R6.2 Chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors  [Not in ICD-10]
9R7 Other somatoform disorders  [F45.8 in ICD-10]
9R8 Somatoform disorder, unspecified  [F45.9 in ICD-10]

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Hypochondriacal disorder, coded at F45.2 in ICD-10, is currently renamed to Illness Anxiety Disorder for ICD-11 Beta draft and relocated under ANXIETY AND FEAR-RELATED DISORDERS:

http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fwho.int%2ficd%23F45.2

ID : http://who.int/icd#F45.2

9C5  ANXIETY AND FEAR-RELATED DISORDERS

      ›  9C5.6 Illness Anxiety Disorder

Continued on Page Two

Filed under Bodily Distress Disorders, DSM-5 draft proposals, ICD revision process, ICD-10, ICD-11 Beta Draft, ICD-11 consultation, MUS, Somatic Symptom Disorder, Somatoform Disorders, WHO (World Health Organization) Tagged with , , , , , , , , ,

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