APA website: New documents and videos on ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder; article: Psychiatric News

March 5, 2013 by

APA website: New documents and videos on ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder; article: Psychiatric News

Post #228 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2Gi

Updates at March 7

Article in Die Psychiatrie

Somatic Symptom Disorders: a new approach in DSM-5

J. E. Dimsdale, University of California, San Diego, DSM Task force, Somatic Symptoms Work Group

Die Psychiatrie 2013; 10: 30–32

Summary

Following a brief historic discourse, problems with the current use and concepts the of somatoform disorders are described. The rationale for substituting the term “somatoform” with “somatic symptom” in DSM5 is explained and the new classification criteria for the group of “somatic symptom related disorders” are described, which include severity ratings.

A special aspect is that “Illness anxiety disorder” is introduced as a new diagnostic entity in DSM-5.

“Störung mit somatischen Symptomen”: ein neuer Ansatz in DSM-5

Zusammenfassung

Nach einem kurzen historischen Diskurs werden die Problembereiche und die Konzepte der somatoformen Störungen erläutert. Das Rational für einen Ersatz der “somatoformen” Störung durch eine “Störung mit somatischen Symptomen” in DSM5 wird erläutert. Die Klassifikationskriterien der Gruppe der “Störungen mit somatischen Symptomen” wird dargestellt.

Ein besonderer Aspekt ist die Einführung einer “Erkrankungsangst-Störung” in DSM-5.

Full paper can be downloaded here: http://bit.ly/W7filu

Doug Bremner, MD, comments on ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ here:

DSM-5 Somatic Symptoms Disorder is Going to Make Us All Mental

Doug Bremner | February 12, 2013

 

A number of new documents and short videos on ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ have been published on the APA’s new webpages, plus an article in Psychiatric News, published on March 1.

These are followed by recent, mainstream media coverage of concerns for all illness groups for the implications of misdiagnosis with ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ or for an additional diagnosis of ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder.’

http://www.psychiatry.org/practice/dsm/dsm5/dsm-5

Fact Sheet: Click link for PDF document   Somatic Symptom Disorder

Videos:

Joel E Dimsdale, Chair, DSM-5 Somatic Symptom Disorders Work Group

What is Somatic Symptom Disorder?

http://www.psychiatry.org/practice/dsm/dsm5/dsm-5-video-series-somatic-symptom-disorder

What was the rationale behind changes to Somatic Symptom Disorder?

http://www.psychiatry.org/practice/dsm/dsm5/dsm-5-video-series-changes-to-somatic-symptoms

Will Somatic Symptom Disorder result in the missing of other medical problems?

http://www.psychiatry.org/practice/dsm/dsm5/dsm-5-video-series-somatic-symptom-disorder-and-other-medical-problems

Article: Psychiatric News (organ of the APA):

http://psychnews.psychiatryonline.org/newsArticle.aspx?articleid=1659603

Psychiatric News | March 01, 2013
Volume 48 Number 5 page 7-7
10.1176/appi.pn.2013.3a26
American Psychiatric Association
Professional News

Somatic Chapter Drops Centrality Of Unexplained Medical Symptoms

Mark Moran

“…But Joel Dimsdale, M.D., chair of the Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Work Group, emphasized that the most important change overall in this set of disorders is removal of the centrality of medically unexplained symptoms. “That was a defining characteristic of these disorders in DSM-IV, but we believe it was unhelpful and promoted a mind-body dualism that is hard to justify,” he told Psychiatric News.

So, for instance, the diagnosis of somatization disorder in DSM-IV was based on a long and complex symptom count of medically unexplained symptoms. DSM-5 criteria eliminate that requirement and recognize that individuals who meet criteria for somatic symptom disorder—the new designation, marked by disproportionate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to somatic symptoms—may or may not have a medically diagnosed condition.

Hypochondriasis has been eliminated; most individuals who would previously have been diagnosed with hypochondriasis have significant somatic symptoms in addition to their high health anxiety and should receive a DSM-5 diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder. Those with high health anxiety without somatic symptoms should receive a diagnosis of illness anxiety disorder…

Read full article here

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Related material

Dimsdale JE. Medically Unexplained Symptoms: A Treacherous Foundation for Somatoform Disorders? Psychiatr Clin North Am, Volume 34, Issue 3, Pages 511-513 [PUBMED 21889675]

Overlapping Conditions Alliance (OCA)

“Members of the Overlapping Conditions Alliance (OCA) produced a white paper, Chronic Pain in Women: Neglect, Dismissal and Discrimination, to promote awareness and research of neglected and poorly understood chronic pain conditions that affect millions of American women. This report, which can be viewed and downloaded below, includes detailed policy recommendations to further these goals.” (Report 2010 and Report 2011)

http://www.endwomenspain.org/resources/policy-analysis-recommendations

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Recent mainstream media coverage of the SSD issue

ABC News Radio:
Guidelines for Diagnosing Psychiatric Disorder May Overlook Physical Illnesses

ABC News:
New Psych Disorder Could Mislabel Sick as Mentally Ill

Canada.com and syndicated to a number of other Canadian media sites:
New “catch all” psychiatric disorder could label people who worry about their health as mentally ill

Fox News Health:
Does somatic symptom disorder really exist?

DSM-5 Task Force Chair, David J Kupfer, MD, defends the SSD construct on Huffington Post (but provides no answers to my questions):

David J. Kupfer, M.D. Chair, DSM-5 Task Force

Somatic Symptoms Criteria in DSM-5 Improve Diagnosis, Care

Filed under Allen Frances, American Psychiatric Association (APA), Criticism of DSM-V, DSM-5, DSM revision process, DSM-5, DSM-5 draft proposals, DSM-5 field trials, DSM-5 in the media, Somatic Symptom Disorder, Somatoform Disorders Tagged with , , , , , , , , ,

DSM-5 and ICD-10-CM Round up: February #3

February 28, 2013 by

DSM-5 and ICD-10-CM Round up: February #3

Post #227 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2FY

Updates:

American Psychiatric Association News release:

Release No. 13-11: February 28, 2013

APA Annual Meeting in San Francisco, May 18-22; DSM-5 to be Released

ARLINGTON, Va. (Feb. 28, 2013) – The American Psychiatric Association’s 166th Annual Meeting, the world’s largest psychiatric meeting, will run Saturday, May 18 to Wednesday, May 22, 2013 in San Francisco at the Moscone Convention Center. The much anticipated DSM-5, the latest revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, will be released at the meeting…

Clinical Psychiatry News Digital Network

DSM-5 expected to be more ‘user-friendly’

Doug Brunk | March 3, 2013

ABC News Radio

An edited version of the ABC News coverage of concerns for new DSM-5 disorder ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ that replaces four DSM-IV Somatoform Disorder categories has been published on ABC News Radio:

Guidelines for Diagnosing Psychiatric Disorder May Overlook Physical Illnesses

CMS pledges commitment to October 1, 2014 ICD-10-CM compliance:

Click link for PDF document   CMS letter

CMS: No Further Delays in ICD-10-CM/PCS Implementation

Chris Dimick | AHIMA & ICD-10 | February 27, 2013

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) will maintain their commitment to the current ICD-10-CM/PCS compliance date of October 1, 2014, according to a letter sent to AHIMA President Kathleen A. Frawley.

The letter was sent in response to AHIMA’s call for CMS to stand firm on its ICD-10 implementation date after more than 80 physician groups represented by the American Medical Association called on CMS in January to delay or abandon the ICD-10 conversion…

Susan Donaldson James reports for ABC News on DSM-5‘s ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’:

Contributions from Allen Frances, MD, Joel E Dimsdale, MD (Chair, DSM-5 Somatic Symptom Disorder Work Group), Lori Chapo-Kroger (P.A.N.D.O.R.A), Suzy Chapman (Dx Revision Watch), Bridget Mildon (FND Hope) and Marianne Russo (The Coffee Klatch)

ABC News

New Psych Disorder Could Mislabel Sick as Mentally Ill

Susan Donaldson James | February 27, 2013

Critics worry that patients will be misdiagnosed as mentally ill and won’t get treatment, affecting mostly those with chronic and difficult to diagnose neurological disorders and multi-system diseases like ME/CFS, ones that are poorly understood and can take years to get medical answers.

“A lot of people will be written off as crocks — it’s just in their head,” said Dr. Allen Frances, who was chair of the task force that created the DSM-4 and professor emeritus of psychiatry at Duke University. “They won’t get the medical work-up they need.”

…But [SSD work group chair] Dimsdale defends the updated DSM…”If it doesn’t work, we’ll fix it in the DSM-5.1 or DSM-6.”

Robert Sibley, senior writer for Ottawa Citizen, comments on DSM-5‘s ”Somatic Symptom Disorder’:

Ottowa Citizen (and  a number of syndications)

Column: Is life itself a sickness in need of a cure?

Robert Sibley | February 20, 2013

…In a recent article, Postmedia’s Sharon Kirkey quotes a statement from the American Psychiatric Association, which will publish a new edition of the DSM in May: “Some patients with illnesses like heart disease or cancer will indeed experience thoughts, feelings or behaviours related to their illness that will be extreme or overwhelming.” These individuals “may qualify for an SSD diagnosis…”

Results of recent American Psychiatric Association Trustee elections:

Helio

APA releases election results

February 25, 2013

DSM-5 (published by American Psychiatric Publishing Inc.) is planned for release at the APA’s 166th Annual Meeting, in San Francisco (May 18-22).

Psychiatric News | February 15, 2013
Volume 48 Number 4 page 21-21
10.1176/appi.pn.2013.2b24

American Psychiatric Association
Annual Meeting Highlights

Sessions Will Provide In-Depth Look at New DSM

Kuhl Emily, Ph.D.

Sidney Zizook, M.D., who served as an advisor to the DSM-5′s Mood Disorder Work Group, defends the removal of the DSM ‘bereavement exclusion’:

Scientific American

Getting Past the Grief over Grief

Sidney Zisook | February 25, 2013

These days, I get a lot of grief about grief. I am part of the work group that changed some of the ways that grief and clinical depression are described and differentiated in the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, typically referred to as DSM-5. That has led to a lot of conversations with colleagues who are upset about bereavement…

Kupfer DJ, Regier DA, et al in JAMA ONLINE FIRST

JAMA ONLINE FIRST

DSM-5—The Future Arrived FREE ONLINE FIRST

David J. Kupfer, MD; Emily A. Kuhl, PhD; Darrel A. Regier, MD, MPH

Author Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Kupfer); and American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education, Division of Research, American Psychiatric Association, Arlington, Virginia (Drs Kuhl and Regier).

JAMA. 2013;():1-2. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.2298.
Published online February 25, 2013

Jerome C. Wakefield, PhD, DSW, for Psychiatry Weekly, on the DSM ‘bereavement exclusion’ issue:

Remember the Bereavement Exclusion

Psychiatric Weekly

Jerome C. Wakefield, PhD, DSW | February 18, 2013

School of Social Work, Department of Psychiatry; New York University, NY

First published in Psychiatry Weekly, Volume 8, Issue 4, February 18, 2013

Filed under American Psychiatric Association (APA), Bereavement, CMS, Criticism of DSM-V, DSM-5, DSM revision process, DSM-5, DSM-5 in the media, ICD-10-CM compliance, Myalgic encephalomyelitis, Somatic Symptom Disorder, Somatoform Disorders Tagged with , , , , , , , , ,

DSM-5 Round up: February #2

February 19, 2013 by

DSM-5 Round up: February #2

Post #226 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2FC

Front page National Post, syndicated to Ottawa Citizen, Vancouver Sun, Montreal Gazette, Edmonton Journal and others. With contributions from Allen Frances, MD, Professor Frank Farley, Suzy Chapman.

New “catch all” psychiatric disorder could label people who worry about their health as mentally ill

Sharon Kirkey | February 18, 2013

A controversial new mental diagnosis could label thousands of people with legitimate medical illnesses as psychiatrically sick and in need of treatment if they worry “excessively” about their symptoms, observers says.

The newest version of psychiatry’s official catalogue of mental disorders, due to be published in May, will contain a newly expanded definition of “somatic symptom disorder,” or SSD.

Under the previous edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders — an influential guidebook used by doctors around the globe — somatoform disorders applied to people with medically unexplained health complaints. The diagnosis required that physical, bodily symptoms couldn’t be traced to any identifiable, underlying medical cause.

In the fifth and latest edition of the manual, known as DSM-5, that proviso has been removed.

The new diagnosis doesn’t distinguish between “medically unexplained” symptoms or symptoms related to an actual underlying medical problem…

The Hindu

In search of a revolutionary road

K.S. Jacob | February 16, 2013

UK Times

Anna Maxted | February 19, 2013

In America, the bereaved may now be diagnosed with depression.

Experts here are appalled, says Anna Maxted (with contributions from Professor Peter Kinderman, head of the Institute of Psychology, Health and Society at the University of Liverpool, Debbie Kerslake, chief executive, Cruse Bereavement Care, Kathleen Walton).

Psychomédia

Accueil ›

DSM-5 : une catégorie controversée de troubles de symptôme somatique remplace les troubles somatoformes

Soumis par Gestion le 18 février 2013

DSM-5
Actualités
Troubles de symptôme somatique (somatoformes)

La prochaine édition du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (1) (DSM-5) dont la publication par l’American Psychiatric Association (APA) est prévue pour mai 2013, remplace la catégorie des troubles somatoformes par la catégorie troubles de symptômes somatiques.

Les troubles somatoformes du DSM-IV incluent la somatisation, la conversion, le trouble douloureux, l’hypocondrie et la peur d’une dysmorphie corporelle. Ces troubles, explique le psychiatre David J. Kupfer, qui a dirigé les travaux de révision, sont caractérisés par la présence de symptômes évocateurs d’une maladie ou d’une blessure physique, mais qui ne peuvent être entièrement être expliqués par une affection médicale générale, un autre trouble mental, ou par des effets secondaires de médicaments ou de substances. Les symptômes entraînent une grande détresse ou d’importantes perturbations de la capacité à fonctionner dans la vie quotidienne…

Psychomédia avec sources:
– David J. Kupfer, Somatic Symptoms Criteria in DSM-5 Improve Diagnosis, Care
– Allen Frances, DSM-5 Refuses to Reduce Overdiagnosis of ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’

Filed under Allen Frances, American Psychiatric Association (APA), Bereavement, Criticism of DSM-V, DSM-5, David Kupfer, DSM revision process, DSM-5, DSM-5 draft proposals, DSM-5 field trials, DSM-5 in the media, Somatic Symptom Disorder, Somatoform Disorders Tagged with , , , , , , , , ,

DSM-5 goes to press with ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ amid widespread professional and consumer concern

February 6, 2013 by

DSM-5 goes to press with ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ amid widespread professional and consumer concern

Post #224 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2EV

Update: On February 8, David J. Kupfer, MD, Chair, DSM-5 Task Force, published in defence of the ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ category on Huffington Post:

Somatic Symptoms Criteria in DSM-5 Improve Diagnosis, Care

Last week, the American Psychiatric Association sent the next edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to the publishers.

When DSM-5 is released in May, it will introduce a new ‘catch-all’ diagnosis that could capture many thousands more patients under a mental disorder label.

Today, on Saving Normal at Psychology Today, Allen Frances, MD, who chaired the DSM-IV Task Force, publishes the third in a series of commentaries voicing considerable concern for all illness groups for the implications of an additional diagnosis of ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder.’

Why Did DSM 5 Botch Somatic Symptom Disorder?

Allen Frances writes:

“Once it is an official DSM 5 mental disorder, SSD is likely to be widely misapplied – to 1 in 6 people with cancer and heart disease and to 1 in 4 with irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia…The definition of SSD is so loose it will capture 7% of healthy people (14 million in the US alone) suddenly making this pseudo diagnosis one of the most common of all ‘mental disorders’ in the general population.”

Suzy Chapman writes:

“These highly subjective, difficult to assess criteria have the potential for widespread misapplication, particularly in busy primary care settings – causing stigma to the medically ill and potentially resulting in poor medical workups, inappropriate treatment regimes and medico-legal claims against clinicians for missed diagnoses.

“Why has the Task Force and APA Board of Trustees been prepared to sign off on a definition and criteria set that lacks a body of rigorous evidence for its validity, safety and prevalence, thereby potentially putting the public at risk? And why is APA prepared to abrogate its duty of care as a professional body and expose its membership, physicians and the allied health professional end-users of its manual to the risk of potential law suits?”

From May, an additional mental health diagnosis of ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ (SSD) can be applied whether patients have diagnosed medical diseases like diabetes, angina, cancer or multiple sclerosis, chronic illnesses like IBS, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome or chronic pain disorders, or unexplained conditions that have so far presented with bodily symptoms of unclear etiology.

A person will meet the criteria for ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ by reporting just one or more bodily symptoms that are distressing or disruptive to daily life, that have persisted for at least six months, and having just one of the following three responses:

1) disproportionate, persistent thoughts about the seriousness of their symptoms;
2) persistently high level of anxiety about their health or symptoms;
3) devoting excessive time and energy to symptoms or health concerns.

In the DSM-5 field trials, 15% of the ‘diagnosed illness’ study group (the trials looked at patients with either cancer or coronary heart disease) met the criteria for an additional mental health diagnosis of SSD.

26% of patients who comprised the irritable bowel syndrome or fibromyalgia study group were coded for SSD.

A disturbingly high 7% of the ‘healthy’ control group were also caught by these overly-inclusive criteria.

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Psychiatric creep

As the criteria stand, this new disorder will potentially result in a ‘bolt-on’ mental health diagnosis being applied to all chronic illnesses and medical conditions if the clinician decides the patient’s response to distressing symptoms is ‘excessive’ or their coping strategies are ‘maladaptive,’ or that they are ‘catastrophising’ or displaying ‘fear avoidance.’ Or if the practitioner feels the patient is spending too much time on the internet researching data, symptoms and treatments, or that their lives have become ‘dominated’ by ‘illness worries,’ they may be vulnerable to an additional diagnosis of SSD.

Patients with chronic, multiple bodily symptoms due to rare conditions or multi-system diseases like Behçet’s syndrome or Systemic lupus, which may take several years to diagnose, will also be vulnerable to misdiagnosis with a mental disorder.

There is no substantial body of research to support the validity, reliability or safety of the ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ diagnosis.

During the second public review of draft criteria for DSM-5, the ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ section received more submissions from advocacy organizations, patients, and professionals than almost any other disorder category. But rather than tighten up the criteria or subject the entire disorder section to independent scientific review, the SSD Work Group’s response has been to lower the threshold even further – potentially pulling even more patients under a mental disorder label.

The ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ Work Group has rejected eleventh hour calls from professionals and patients to review its criteria before going to print.

APA says there will be opportunities to reassess and revise DSM-5‘s new disorders, post publication, and that it intends to start work on a ‘DSM-5.1’ release. But patient groups, advocates and professionals are not reassured by a ‘publish first – patch later’ approach to science.

Read Parts One and Two, here:

Part One: Mislabeling Medical Illness As Mental Disorder | Allen Frances, December 8, 2012

Part Two: Bad News DSM-5 Refuses To Correct Somatic Symptom Disorder | Allen Frances, January 16, 2013

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Notes for media, websites, bloggers:

1. The next edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) will be published by American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. in May 2013. It will be known as ‘DSM-5 ‘ and has been under development since 1999.
http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx
http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/DSM%205%20development%20factsheet%201-16-13.pdf

2. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) has spent $25 million on the development of DSM-5.

3. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is used by mental health and medical professionals for diagnosing and coding mental disorders. It is used by psychiatrists, psychologists, therapists, counselors, primary health care physicians, nurses, social workers, occupational and rehabilitation therapists and allied health professionals.

The DSM is also used for reimbursement and informs government, public health policy, courts and legal specialists, education, forensic science, prisons, drug regulation agencies, pharmaceutical companies and researchers. Diagnostic criteria defined within DSM determine what is considered a mental disorder and what is not, which treatments and therapies health insurers will authorise funding for, and for how long.

4. Four existing disorder categories in the DSM-IV ‘Somatoform Disorders’ section: somatization disorder [300.81], hypochondriasis [300.7], pain disorder, and undifferentiated somatoform disorder [300.82] will be eliminated and replaced with a single new category – ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ for DSM-5.

5. APA has held three stakeholder comment periods during which professional and public stakeholders have been invited to submit comment on the proposals for the revision of DSM-IV categories and criteria (in February-April 2010; May-June 2011; May-June 2012).

6. DSM-5 is slated for release at the American Psychiatric Association’s 166th Annual Meeting, San Francisco (May 18-22, 2013). The new manual is available for pre-order and will cost $199: http://www.psychiatry.org/dsm5

7. Allen Frances, MD, was chair of the DSM-IV Task Force and of the Department of Psychiatry at Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Dr Frances is currently professor emeritus, Duke.

8. Dr Frances blogs at DSM 5 in Distress, and Saving Normal at Psychology Today.

Mislabeling Medical Illness As Mental Disorder was published on December 8, 2012

Bad News DSM-5 Refuses To Correct Somatic Symptom Disorder was published on January 16, 2013

For additional information on ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’:

Somatic Symptom Disorder could capture millions more under mental health diagnosis by Suzy Chapman for Dx Revision Watch, May 26, 2012

Suzy Chapman

Filed under Allen Frances, American Psychiatric Association (APA), Criticism of DSM-V, DSM-5, DSM revision process, DSM-5, DSM-5 draft proposals, DSM-5 field trials, DSM-5 in the media, Somatic Symptom Disorder, Somatoform Disorders Tagged with , , , , , , , , ,

ICD-11 Beta draft and Bodily Distress Disorders; Per Fink and Bodily Distress Syndrome: Parts One and Two

February 3, 2013 by

ICD-11 Beta draft and Bodily Distress Disorders; Per Fink and Bodily Distress Syndrome Parts One and Two

Post #222 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2Dz

Caveats: The ICD-11 Beta drafting platform is not a static document: it is a work in progress, subject to daily edits and revisions, to field test evaluation and to approval by Topic Advisory Group Managing Editors, the ICD Revision Steering Group and WHO classification experts. The current draft may differ to the information in this report.

Part One

On January 6, I posted a brief update on proposals for the revision of ICD-10’s Somatoform Disorders based on what can be seen in the public version of the ICD-11 Beta drafting platform and on a book chapter by Professor, Sir David Goldberg. [1]

Professor Goldberg chairs the working group for revision of the mental health chapter of ICD-1o-PHC, the abridged, primary care version of ICD-10.

For the revision of ICD-10’s Somatoform Disorders sections for ICD-11, a WHO Expert Working Group on Somatic Distress and Dissociative Disorders has been assembled.

Professor Francis Creed (also a member of the DSM-5 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Work Group) is a member of this WHO working group, which is chaired by Professor Oye Gureje.

An April 2011 announcement by Stony Brook Medical Center states that Dr Joan E. Broderick, PhD had been appointed to the WHO Expert Working Group on Somatic Distress and Dissociative Disorders and that the first meeting of the group (said to consist of 17 international behavioral health professionals) was expected to be held in June 2011, in Madrid.

WHO has not published a list of  members of this working group or any progress reports and the names and affiliations of the 14 other members are unknown, so I am unable to confirm whether Professor Per Fink is a member of the group, which reports to the International Advisory Group for the Revision of ICD-10 Mental and Behavioural Disorders.

ICD-11 and Bodily Distress Disorders

ICD-11 is currently scheduled for completion in 2015/16. When viewing the public version of the Beta drafting platform please bear in mind the ICD-11 Revision Caveats: that the Beta draft is a work in progress, updated daily, is incomplete, may contain errors and is subject to change; not all proposals may be approved by the ICD-11 Revision Steering Committee or WHO classification experts, or retained following analysis of ICD-11 and ICD-11-PHC field trials.

The Bodily Distress Disorders section of ICD-11 Beta draft Chapter 5 can be found here:

Foundation View: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/f/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1472866636
Linearization View: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1472866636

As the ICD-11 Beta drafting platform stands at the time of compiling this report, the existing ICD-10 Somatoform Disorders are proposed to be subsumed under or replaced by Bodily Distress Disorders, and Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere.

The following proposed ICD-11 categories are listed as child categories under parent term, Bodily Distress Disorders, and Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere:

EC5 Mild bodily distress disorder
EC6 Moderate bodily distress disorder
EC7 Severe bodily distress disorder
EC8 Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere

No Definition or any other Content Model parameters have been populated for the proposed categories EC5, EC6 and EC7, which are new entities to ICD. (EC8 is a legacy category from ICD-10.)

Note that the sorting codes assigned to categories are subject to frequent change as chapters are reorganized.

From the information currently displaying in the Beta draft, it is not possible to determine:

• how ICD-11 proposes to define Bodily Distress Disorders;

• what diagnostic criteria are being proposed;

• whether diagnostic criteria would be based on a requirement for excessive or disproportionate psychological and behavioral characteristics in response to distressing somatic symptoms, such as illness anxiety, symptom focusing, catastrophising, maladaptive coping strategies, avoidance behavior or misattribution; or based on somatic symptom counts, or specific symptom clusters, or number of bodily systems affected, or a combination of these;

• how the three Severity Specifiers: Mild, Moderate and Severe would be categorized;

• how the three Severities would be assessed for within primary and secondary care;

• whether ICD-11’s proposed Bodily Distress Disorder construct is intended to mirror or incorporate DSM-5’s Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) construct, in line with ICD-11/DSM-5 harmonization, or

• whether it is intended to mirror or incorporate Per Fink’s Bodily Distress Syndrome (BDS) construct, or to combine elements from both;

• whether the Bodily Distress Disorder construct is proposed only to be applied to patients with distressing ‘medically unexplained somatic symptoms’ (MUS), or the so-called ‘Functional somatic syndromes’ (FSS), if the patient is considered to also meet the BDD criteria, or

• whether it is proposed to be inclusive of patients with distressing somatic symptoms in the presence of diagnosed illness and general medical conditions, if the patient is considered to also meet the criteria;

• whether the Bodily Distress Disorder construct is proposed to be inclusive of parents or caregivers perceived as encouraging maintenance of sick role behavior or over-involved.

• whether the Bodily Distress Disorder construct is proposed to be inclusive of children;

• whether it is proposed that all or selected of the following: Neurasthenia and Fatigue syndrome (F48.0), Chronic fatigue syndrome (indexed to G93.3 in ICD-10; classified in ICD-11 Beta draft as an ICD Title term in Chapter 6: Diseases of the nervous system), IBS (K58), and Fibromyalgia (M79.7) should be reclassified under Bodily Distress Disorders;

• whether the Bodily Distress Disorder construct is proposed to subsume ICD-10’s Hypochondriacal disorder with somatic symptoms or incorporate this entity under Illness Anxiety Disorder for ICD-11.

(For ICD-11, ICD-10’s Hypochondriacal disorder [F45.2] is currently proposed to be renamed to Illness Anxiety Disorder and located underANXIETY AND FEAR-RELATED DISORDERS.)

 • what ICD-11 proposes to do with ICD-10’s Neurasthenia;

(ICD-10’s Chapter V Neurasthenia [F48.0] is no longer listed in the public version of the ICD-11 Beta draft. For ICD-11-PHC, the primary care version of ICD-11, the proposal is for the term Neurasthenia to be eliminated. Since terms used in ICD-11-PHC require corresponding terms in the main classification, the intention may be to eliminate Neurasthenia from the main version, or subsume under another term.) [2]

All that can be determined from the Beta draft is that these earlier ICD-11 Beta draft Somatoform Disorders categories appear proposed to be subsumed under or replaced with the new BDD categories, EC5, EC6 and EC7, set out above:

Somatization disorder [F45.0 in ICD-10]
Undifferentiated somatoform disorder [F45.1 in ICD-10]
Somatoform autonomic dysfunction [F45.3 in ICD-10]
Persistent somatoform pain disorder [F45.4 in ICD-10]
    > Persistent somatoform pain disorder
    > Chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors [Not in ICD-10]
Other somatoform disorders [F45.8 in ICD-10]
Somatoform disorder, unspecified [F45.9 in ICD-10]

I have previously reported that for ICD-11-PHC, the proposal, last year, was for a new disorder section called Bodily distress disorders, under which would sit new category Bodily stress [sic] syndrome.

This category is proposed for the ICD-11 primary care version to include “milder somatic symptom disorders” as well as “DSM-5’s Complex somatic symptom disorder” and would replace “medically unexplained somatic symptoms.” [2]

In a future post (Part Three of this report), I shall be discussing emerging proposals for the ICD-11 construct, Bodily Distress Disorders, which may serve to fill in some of the gaps.

In the meantime, since it is unclear whether and to what extent the ICD-11 Bodily Distress Disorders category is proposed to mirror or incorporate the Bodily Distress Syndrome construct developed by Per Fink et al, Aarhus, Denmark, I am providing some material on Bodily Distress Syndrome in Part Two

Filed under Bodily Distress Disorders, Bodily distress syndrome, DSM-5 draft proposals, ICD revision process, ICD-10, ICD-11 Beta Draft, MUS, Somatic Symptom Disorder, Somatoform Disorders, WHO (World Health Organization) Tagged with , , , , , , , , ,

Brief update on DSM-5 ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’

January 30, 2013 by

Brief update on DSM-5 ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’

Post #221 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2Dd

As previously reported, all draft proposals for categories and criteria for DSM-5 were frozen on the DSM-5 Development website on June 15, 2012, immediately following the closure of the third and final stakeholder review and comment period.

Changes made to the draft after June 15, 2012 are embargoed and final disorder descriptions and criteria sets won’t be evident until DSM-5 is released, in May, this year, unless APA elects to release selected information.

The manual texts that expand on the various disorder sections and the categories that sit within them have not been made public at any stage in the development process. It is understood that for the ‘Somatic Symptom Disorders’ group, for example, the manual text that accompanies these new categories and criteria sets will run to five or six pages.

On November 15, 2012, APA removed the entire third draft from the DSM-5 Development website.

According to this APA Permissions, Licensing & Reprints page, because the most recently posted draft [the third draft that was released on May 2, 2012] has undergone revisions and is no longer current, the criteria texts have been removed from the website in order to avoid confusion or use of outdated categories and definitions. [1]

The page also states that although APA Board of Trustees approved all the proposed diagnoses [in December, 2012] there continue to be minor editorial and content changes as APA moves towards the final stages of the publication process.

Although the DSM-5 Development Timeline has “Final Revisions by the APA Task Force; Final Approval by APA Board of Trustees; Submission to American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc” scheduled for December 2012, according to my sources, the manual texts were now expected to be finalized for the publishers by end of January.

 

DSM-5 Table of Contents

As also previously reported, APA has created new pages for information and resources for DSM-5, where a number of new articles and documents are available to download. [2][3]

http://www.psychiatry.org/dsm5

Documents include a DSM-5 Table of Contents which lists the disorder sections and the category terms that sit within them.

The DSM-5 Table of Contents reveals that changes to the overall section name for  the ‘Somatic Symptom Disorders’ categories and to the category names that sit within this section have been made since closure of the third and final draft.

For the overall disorder section name, DSM-5 will now be using

‘Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders’

rather than

‘Somatic Symptom Disorders’ as per the first, second and third drafts.

For the third draft, the 6 disorders proposed to sit under this disorder section were:

Somatic Symptom Disorders (SSD)

J 00 Somatic Symptom Disorder
J 01 Illness Anxiety Disorder
J 02 Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
J 03 Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition
J 04 Factitious Disorder
J 05 Somatic Symptom Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified

7 categories are now listed (on Page 3) of the DSM-5 Table of Contents as follows:

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Somatic Symptom Disorder
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions
Factitious Disorder
Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder
Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder

Other than these revisions to the SSD disorder section name and category names, there are no other texts disclosed within the DSM-5 Table of Contents. So whatever text is included for the latter two categories, ‘Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder’ and ‘Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder,’ isn’t known.

Whether any revisions have been made to the disorder descriptions and criteria for the five other disorders since the third draft proposals were posted is also unknown because of the embargo on disclosure of changes to categories and criteria beyond June 15, last year.

 

SSD Work Group asked to reconsider

In December, Allen Frances, MD, who had chaired the Task Force that had oversight of the development of DSM-IV, asked the SSD Work Group, key APA Board of Trustees members and Task Force Chairs to reconsider the proposals for specifically the ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ category. [4]

These representations were made in response to Dr Frances’ own considerable concerns, and those of lay and professional stakeholders, for the looseness of the SSD definition and criteria set, as it had stood at the third draft, and the absence of a body of robust evidence for the validity and safety of ‘SSD’ as a construct, and data on likely prevalence rates.

Dr Frances also proffered suggestions for revisions that he considered would tighten up the criteria and reduce the potential for misapplication.

The response on behalf of the work group was that although Dr Frances’ suggestions were discussed, the work group would not be revising their recommendations. [5]

It is not known whether the concerns raised by Dr Frances in December were discussed beyond the SSD Work Group with the DSM-5 Task Force or with the APA Board of Trustees, who are responsible for approving proposals and therefore accountable for the content of the forthcoming manual.

 

ICD-11 and DSM-5

In a January 18 article for Psychiatric News, organ of the APA, Mark Moran reports:

“Kupfer [DSM-5 Task Force Chair] said the classification of disorders is largely harmonized with the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD) so that the DSM criteria sets are more parallel with the proposed ICD-11. In DSM-5 both the current ICD-9-CM and the future standard ICD-10-CM codes (scheduled for 2014) are attached to the relevant disorders in the classification.” [6]

As reported in my Dx Revision Watch post of January 6, at the time of writing, current proposals in the ICD-11 Beta draft have ICD-10’s ‘Somatoform Disorders’ replaced with ‘Bodily Distress Disorders, and Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere,’ with three, as yet undefined, Severities of ‘Bodily Distress Disorder.’ [7]

It remains to be clarified whether ICD-11’s Beta draft proposals for three Severities of ‘Bodily Distress Disorder’ to replace six ICD-10 ‘Somatoform Disorders’ proposes to mirror Per Fink’s definition and criteria for ‘Bodily Distress Syndrome’ or are more closely aligned with DSM-5‘s ‘Somatic Symptom Disorder,’ in keeping with the APA and WHO’s joint commitment to strive, where possible, for harmonization between the category names, glossary descriptions and criteria across the two systems. [8]

(I shall be addressing this issue in a future post.)

I have previously reported that for ICD-11-PHC, the abridged, Primary Health Care version of ICD-11, the proposal, last year, was for a disorder section called ‘Bodily distress disorders,’ under which would sit ‘Bodily stress [sic] syndrome.’ [9]

According to Professor, Sir David Goldberg, this category is proposed for ICD-11 Primary Health Care version to include “milder somatic symptom disorders” as well as “DSM-5′s Complex somatic symptom disorder” and would replace “medically unexplained somatic symptoms.” These proposals are subject to rejection or modification following ICD-11 Field Trials. [10]

DSM-5 is scheduled for release at the APA’s 166th Annual Meeting (San Francisco, May 18-22).

 

References and related reports

1] American Psychiatric Publishing Permissions, Licensing & Reprints

2] New DSM-5 webpages

3] DSM-5 Table of Contents

4] Mislabeling Medical Illness As Mental Disorder: The Eleventh DSM-5 Mistake, Psychology Today, DSM5 in Distress, Allen Frances, MD, December 8, 2012

5] Bad News: DSM 5 Refuses to Correct Somatic Symptom Disorder, Psychology Today, DSM5 in Distress, Allen Frances, MD, January 16, 2012

6] Continuity and Changes Mark New Text of DSM-5, Psychiatric News, Volume 48, Number 2, January 18, 2013: pp. 1-6 

7] ICD-11 Beta Draft Public Version: Bodily Distress Disorders
http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fwho.int%2ficd%23F45

8] Fink P, Schröder A. One single diagnosis, bodily distress syndrome, succeeded to capture ten diagnostic categories of functional somatic syndromes and somatoform disorders. J Psychosom Res 2010;68:415-26
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20403500

9] Lam TP, Goldberg DP, Dowell AC, Fortes S, Mbatia JK, Minhas FA, Klinkman MS. Proposed new diagnoses of anxious depression and bodily stress syndrome in ICD-11-PHC: an international focus group study. Fam Pract 2012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22843638

10] Goldberg DP. Comparison Between ICD and DSM Diagnostic Systems for Mental Disorders. In: Sorel E, (Ed.) 21st Century Global Mental Health. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2012: 37-53 [Free PDF Sample Chapter 2]

11] Somatic Symptom Disorder could capture millions more under mental health diagnosis, Suzy Chapman for Dx Revision Watch, May 26, 2012

Filed under Allen Frances, American Psychiatric Association (APA), Bodily Distress Disorders, Bodily stress syndrome, Criticism of DSM-V, DSM-5, DSM-5, DSM-5 draft proposals, DSM-5 in the media, Somatic Symptom Disorder, Somatoform Disorders Tagged with , , , , , , , , ,

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