Bodily Distress Syndrome: Coming soon to a GP Management Pilot near you…

Post #264 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-3dG

NHS England: Pilot of Enhanced GP Management of Patients with Medically Unexplained Symptoms

NHS Barnet Clinical Commissioning Group

Pilot of Enhanced GP Management of Patients with Medically Unexplained Symptoms
Open full size PDF:

Click link for PDF document  Pilot of Enhanced GP Management of Patients with MUS

or download here:

http://tinyurl.com/k44xg7d

Note the use of the term “Bodily Distress Syndrome (BDS)” despite the lack of a body of evidence to support the validity, reliability, safety and clinical utility of the application of the BSD construct* in primary care.

Note also, the list of illnesses under the definition of “MUS”: Chronic Pain, Fibromyalgia, Somatic Anxiety/Depression, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), Post-viral Fatigue Syndrome.

*For information on the Fink et al concept of “Bodily Distress Syndrome” see Part Two of Dx Revision Watch Post: ICD-11 Beta draft and BDD, Per Fink and Bodily Distress Syndrome


Extracts:

22 May 2013

NHS England

PILOT OF ENHANCED GP MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS

NHS Barnet Clinical Commissioning Group

Background

Medically Unexplained Symptoms

Definition

The term ‘medically unexplained symptoms (MUS)’ are physical symptoms that cannot be explained by organic pathology, which distress or impair the functioning of the patient. Patients often present with physical symptoms that cannot be explained even after thorough investigation. Other terms used to describe this patient group include: Functional Somatic Syndrome (FSS), Illness Distress Symptoms (IDS), Idiopathic Physical Symptoms (IPS), Bodily Distress Syndrome (BDS) and Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms (MUPS).

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms

Headache
Shortness of Breath, palpitations
Fatigue, weakness, dizziness
Pain in the back, muscles, joints, extremity pain, chest pain, numbness
Stomach problems, loose bowels, gas/bloating, constipation, abdominal pain
Sleep disturbance, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, slow thoughts
Loss of appetite, nausea, lump in throat
Weight change

Diagnosis

Chronic Pain
Fibromyalgia
Somatic Anxiety/Depression
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
Post-viral Fatigue Syndrome

PROJECT AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

• To pilot a commissioner initiated, enhanced GP management service for patients with MUS in primary care. Refer to Figure 1 for details.

• The pilot will be carried out at selected Barnet GP practices (approximately 15) managing a minimum of 10 patients with MUS over 12 months.

• To identify patients with MUS using an electronic risk stratification tool the ‘Nottingham Tool’ with a review of the generated list at a multidisciplinary (MDT) GP practice meeting for the final patient selection.

• To enhance post-graduate GP training by providing education and training workshops and focused work group meetings on the management of MUS.

• The project will also test the assertion that identification and management of MUS would result in savings to commissioning budgets.

PROJECT OUTCOMES AND BENEFITS

There are several benefits that could be realised from implementing this project. These are as follows:-

• Improved outcomes for patients with MUS, better patient experience

• Improved quality of life

• Improved GP-Patient relationship

• Reduced GP secondary and tertiary referrals

• Reduced unnecessary GP and hospital investigations and prescribing of medicines

• Reduced GP appointments and out of hours appointments to A&E or GP

CONCLUSIONS

There is a high prevalence of patients with medically unexplained symptoms presenting to primary and secondary care services. Patients with MUS are high healthcare service users having a major impact to our local health economy and health outcomes. GPs are well placed to manage MUS patients as this patient group are 50% more likely to attend primary care. We believe that our proposed enhanced management of care by the GP will result in both market and non-market benefits. This proposal has gained approval from the NHS Barnet CCG Primary Care Strategy and Implementation Board, QIPP Board and the NCL Programme Board for the 2013/14 financial year…

etc.

Related material

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IAPT NHS Long Term Conditions and Medically Unexplained Symptoms

IAPT NHS Medically Unexplained Symptoms

PHQ-15

The “Nottingham Tool”

Click link for PDF document   Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS): A Whole Systems Approach in Plymouth

In partnership with:

Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Sentinel Healthcare Southwest CIC, Southwest Development Centre, September 2009

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Click link for PDF document   Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS) A whole systems approach
NHS Commissioning Support for London
July 2009 – December 2010

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Psychologists’ perspectives on the diagnostic classification of mental disorders: Results from the WHO-IUPsyS Global Survey

Post #263 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-3dj

Psychologists’ perspectives on the diagnostic classification of mental disorders: Results from the WHO-IUPsyS Global Survey

Int J Psychol. 2013 Jun 10. [Epub ahead of print]

Psychologists’ perspectives on the diagnostic classification of mental disorders: Results from the WHO-IUPsyS Global Survey.

Evans SC, Reed GM, Roberts MC, Esparza P, Watts AD, Correia JM, Ritchie P, Maj M, Saxena S.
Source
a Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence , KS, USA.

Abstract

This study examined psychologists’ views and practices regarding diagnostic classification systems for mental and behavioral disorders so as to inform the development of the ICD-11 by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO and the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS) conducted a multilingual survey of 2155 psychologists from 23 countries, recruited through their national psychological associations. Sixty percent of global psychologists routinely used a formal classification system, with ICD-10 used most frequently by 51% and DSM-IV by 44%. Psychologists viewed informing treatment decisions and facilitating communication as the most important purposes of classification, and preferred flexible diagnostic guidelines to strict criteria. Clinicians favorably evaluated most diagnostic categories, but identified a number of problematic diagnoses. Substantial percentages reported problems with crosscultural applicability and cultural bias, especially among psychologists outside the USA and Europe. Findings underscore the priority of clinical utility and professional and cultural differences in international psychology. Implications for ICD-11 development and dissemination are discussed.

PMID: 23750927

[PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Slide Presentation: Aug 3, 2012

The WHO-IUPsyS Global Survey of Psychologists’ Attitudes Toward Mental Disorders Classification.

Download PDF WHO-IUPsyS Global Survey slides

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More information on this WHO study can be found on Page 7 (3.) of this report:

http://www.apa.org/international/outreach/icd-report-2012.pdf

2012 Annual Report of the International Union of Psychological Science to the American Psychological Association

Revision of World Health Organization’s ICD-10 Mental and Behavioural Disorders

Pierre L.-J. Ritchie, Ph.D., Main Representative to the World Health Organization, International Union of Psychological Science, January, 2013

Click link for PDF document    WHO-IUPsyS ICD Survey Report Report 2012

This report also sets out the responsibilities of ICD Revision working groups, on Page 3 (1.1), and gives some information on the field studies for ICD-11 and ICD11-PHC, on Page 8 (4.)

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The earlier study: WPA-WHO Global Survey of Psychiatrists’ Attitudes Towards Mental Disorders Classification can be downloaded here: 

The WPA-WHO Global Survey of Psychiatrists’ Attitudes Towards Mental Disorders Classification

World Psychiatry 2011;10:118-131

Research report

Geoffrey M Reed, João Mendonça Correia, Patricia Esparza, Shekhar Saxena, Mario Maj

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Something rotten in the state of Denmark: Karina Hansen’s story

Clarification notice
Reports and updates on Dx Revision Watch site on the Hansen family’s situation are being published as provided by, and in consultation with, Rebecca Hansen, Chairman, ME Foreningen, Danmark (ME Association, Denmark), or edited from reports as provided by Ms Hansen.
Dx Revision Watch site has no connection with any petitions or initiatives, or with any social media platforms or other platforms set up to promote petitions or initiatives, or to otherwise raise awareness of the Hansen family’s situation. The use of any links to content on Dx Revision Watch does not imply endorsement of, or association with any initiatives other than the ME Foreningen, Danmark (ME Association, Denmark) Postcard to Karina Campaign.
All enquiries in relation to petitions or other initiatives, social media platforms, or any other platforms associated with them should be addressed directly to the organizers, sponsors or owners responsible for them.

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For update to this post see:

Human Rights denied: Something rotten in the state of Denmark: Karina Hansen’s story: Update 1: http://wp.me/pKrrB-35o

Menneskerettighederne nægtet: Noget råddent i staten Danmark: Karina Hansen: Opdater 1: http://wp.me/pKrrB-36e  (Update reports in English and Danish)
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“How can I get out of here? I can’t take this.”

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KH5

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Something rotten in the state of Denmark:

Karina Hansen’s story

Karina Hansen is 24. She has been completely bedridden since 2009.

In February, this year, Karina was forcibly removed from her home and committed to a hospital. The family is still waiting for a legal explanation for why she was removed.

Karina suffers from severe ME and her family believes she is getting worse.

Karina removed from home

On February 12, 2013, five policemen from Holstebro county, Denmark, arrived at Karina’s house and forcibly removed her from her bedroom.

Two doctors, a locksmith and two social workers were also present.

Karina called for her mother’s help, but her mother was blocked by the police from aiding her. Karina used her mobile phone for the first time in years to call her mother, her father, her cousin and her sister, Janni. Karina is so ill that she can usually only speak in one or two word sentences, but during her removal she managed to call her father and say: Help Dad, in my room, and to her sister: Help, Janni I don’t know where they are taking me.

Karina’s mother could not answer her phone because she was surrounded by policemen.

Karina was driven off to a hospital in an ambulance. Her parents were not told where she was being taken or why they were taking her away. They were given no paperwork.

Later that day, her parents received a phone call. They were told that Karina was at Hammel Neurocenter and that someone would call them every day at 10am to tell them how Karina was doing and that no one would be allowed to visit their daughter for 14 days.

On the morning of February 13, Karina managed to call her mother from her mobile phone. She said: How can I get out of here? I can’t take this. (Hvordan kan jeg komme væk herfra? Jeg kan ikke klare det.) Then the connection was cut.

A few days later, Karina’s parents received a letter from a psychiatrist, Nils Balle Christensen, which said that he would be in charge of Karina’s treatment at Hammel Neurocenter. He also wrote that because “of her condition,” Karina was not allowed visitors for two weeks. That ban on visitors was later extended to three weeks because Dr Christensen was on vacation.

Nils Balle Christensen works at the Aarhus Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics. He and his boss, Per Fink, believe that ME is a functional disorder. The treatments the clinic recommends are graded exercise therapy (GET), cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), “mindfulness therapy,” and in some cases, antidepressants. In Denmark, a functional disorder is understood to be a psychosomatic illness.

The psychiatrists at this clinic are considered to have no experience with severely ill ME patients and the Hansen family and ME Foreningen, Danmark fear that if Karina is being treated incorrectly this may lead to a severe and permanent worsening of her condition.

Karina’s parents have not been permitted to see their daughter for three months

The family visited the Neurocenter on April 1 to try to visit Karina, but the parents were not allowed to see her. Karina’s sister, Janni, who is a nurse, was allowed to see Karina for a few minutes. A staff member followed Janni into the room. Janni said that Karina was extremely pale, was unable to talk, and did not show signs that she recognized her sister.

In Janni’s opinion, Karina’s condition is worse now than before she was hospitalized.

Why was Karina forcibly removed?

Karina’s parents and lawyer have yet to receive any official paperwork from any government body or clinician about the reason for her removal. They have received no treatment plan or copies of Karina’s medical reports.

No charges have been made against Karina’s parents. The case has never been heard by a court.

Karina’s parents do not know if or when they will be allowed to see their daughter or if or when she will be allowed to come home. Her parents and her lawyer have obtained power of attorney for Karina, but this is being ignored.

The regional state administrations for Mid-Jutland (Statsforvaltningen Midtjylland) are trying to appoint someone as guardian for Karina.

The only information the family receives comes from Jens Gyring, senior doctor at Hammel Neurocenter. He now calls Karina’s father twice a week and tells him how Karina is.

But the parents are finding it difficult to trust what they are told because they are being given conflicting information. Dr Christensen says Karina is improving every day, but Jens Gyring says there is no change.

Karina’s sister, Janni, thinks her sister is deteriorating.

Jens Grying says he is taking instructions about Karina’s care from Dr Christensen and that the treatment given is a rehabilitation programme.

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There are many unanswered questions

Karina’s mother was paid by the county to take care of her daughter and there was never any report of neglect. After Karina was taken away, her mother was fired from her job on the grounds that the caregiver duties were no longer needed.

Which authority gave the order to remove Karina and by whom was it authorized?
What legislation was used to remove and detain her as an involuntary patient in a hospital?
Why are the parents and their lawyer not permitted to see paperwork about the case?
Why have the parents not been allowed to visit?
Are there any charges levelled against the parents?
What is the treatment plan for Karina? The hospital requires that a treatment plan be made on admission.
Why all the secrecy?

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Meeting with Liselott Blixt

On April 4, Karina’s parents and two representatives from ME Foreningen, Danmark met with parliament member, Liselott Blixt, who agreed to help to get answers to the many questions in this case.

ME Foreningen, Danmark had been waiting to publish information about Karina’s case until her parents and lawyer had received the official documents. But it is now obvious that these documents will not be released unless pressure is placed on the officials.

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ME Foreningen, Danmark campaign

A campaign was launched by ME Foreningen, Danmark for May 12th ME Awareness Week for sending postcards to Karina and also signing a petition in support of the Hansen family’s situation:

http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/postcardtokarina/

For information on where to send your postcard go to ME Foreningen, Danmark on Facebook

If you have a blog or a website, please link to this post or contact ME Foreningen, Danmark for a copy of the account and publish your own blog post. Post a link to this post on Facebook, Twitter, Listservs and forums.

Timeline

Karina Hansen was born in November 1988. She is now 24.

2004/5: Karina contracts mononucleosis, after which she succumbs to countless infections, including sinus infections, as well as severe gastritis. She received many courses of antibiotics. Her activity became very limited because of post exertional malaise. In 2006, Karina had a serious sinus infection and never fully recovered.

2008: Karina receives a diagnosis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ME (ICD-10 G93.3) while at a Danish arthritis hospital, where she was admitted for rehabilitation: exercise and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). She was there for 17 days and could never do more than one hour of activity a day.

During the course of her illness, Karina was examined several times by psychiatrists who found no evidence of mental illness. One psychiatrist wrote that her symptoms were most likely caused by the mononucleosis.

Autumn 2009: Karina has an influenza vaccine after which she becomes completely bedridden. In March 2010, Karina’s mother took leave from work to take care of her daughter.

May 2010: Karina’s GP pressured her parents into admitting her to hospital for rehabilitation. By this time, Karina was so ill that she cried from the headaches when they talked to her. There appears to have been an attempt to detain her at the hospital by declaring her mentally unfit. But the medical officer wrote that the “psychiatry law enforcement provisions cannot be used.” She was allowed to go home after three days. Karina’s condition deteriorated after this hospitalization.

May 2010: Karina is seen for the first time by Dr Isager, who confirms the diagnosis of ME. Dr Isager is a Danish doctor who has seen hundreds of ME patients in his long career and has made home visits to many severely ill patients. In 2001, the Danish Ministry of Health wrote that Dr Isager was the Danish doctor with the most experience of ME and had about 250 patients at that time.

March 2011: Karina is seen by another doctor with experience in severe ME. This doctor reconfirmed the ME diagnosis. Karina’s parents worked with her new GP, with Dr Isager, and a nutritionist to try to give Karina the best treatment possible at home. Gut function tests were sent to the USA to try to find a treatment for Karina. There is no hospital in Denmark equipped to take care of severely ill ME patients.

A request was made to have a saline IV started in the home but the county did not cooperate. Karina received a special protein powder and a high iron diet to ensure her nutritional needs were met. Many ME patients do not tolerate iron supplements in pill form.

June 2011: Karina’s mother is hired by the county to be Karina’s caregiver.

May 2012: Sundhedssytrelsen (Danish National Board of Health) contacts two psychiatrists, Per Fink and Jens Nørbæk, about Karina. Karina’s case was presented to them over the phone and Jens Nørbæk stated that Karina must be in an insane-like state: “sindsyglignende tilstand.” These two psychiatrists are considered to have no knowledge of severe ME.

Based on these conversations, the Danish Board of Health put pressure on Karina’s GP to declare Karina psychologically ill and to sign commitment papers. Karina’s GP refused because Karina was not mentally ill. Karina’s GP then resigned as her doctor.

The Danish National Board of Health contacted Per Fink, lead clinician at The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, and asked him to take charge of Karina’s case. The case was then given to another psychiatrist from the clinic, Nils Balle Christensen.

Karina and her parents did not want Dr Christensen as Karina’s doctor. They knew about the research clinic and did not feel the doctors had sufficient knowledge about ME to undertake Karina’s medical care. Karina and her parents said many times they did not want the psychiatric treatment that Dr Christensen was offering. They hired a private doctor to assist Dr Isager in Karina’s care. (Dr Isager is retired.)

February 12, 2013: Karina is forcibly removed from her home and put in the hospital under Dr Christensen’s care. She is now forced to receive the “treatment” she does not want.

May 12, 2013: For three months, Karina’s parents have been denied visits to see their daughter; denied documentation; denied answers to their questions.

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The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus, Denmark

According to a report by ME Foreningen, Danmark:

The Danish government has put this clinic in charge of taking care of all ME patients in Denmark. The doctors employed here are primarily psychiatrists or psychologists. The centre has spent millions of dollars working to create a new diagnosis, Bodily Distress Syndrome (BDS).

For information on Bodily Distress Syndrome see Part Two of Dx Revision Watch Post:
ICD-11 Beta draft and BDD, Per Fink and Bodily Distress Syndrome

They want to place ME and other illnesses like Fibromyalgia, IBS, chronic pelvic pains and PMS under their new diagnosis. Read about BDS, here, in English:

http://funktionellelidelser.dk/en/for-specialists-researchers/doctors/

Per Fink and his colleagues have been lobbying for their BDS concept to be included in revisions of classification systems.

According to ME Foreningen, Danmark, all treatment at this clinic is on a research basis and all patients receive the same treatment: cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), graded exercise therapy (GET) and antidepressants. ME Foreningen, Danmark says it has contact with many patients who have ME, Fibromyalgia, IBS, etc but when they are referred to this clinic by their GP, their previous diagnosis is ignored and they are given a psychiatric diagnosis.

ME Foreningen, Danmark states it has many examples of patients who have been pressured by their doctors and case workers to go to this clinic. Patients have reported that their doctors or caseworkers believe this clinic has a proven treatment for ME, Fibromyalgia, IBS etc, so benefits will be denied unless this research treatment is tried. In the 14 years for which the clinic has been open, they only have documentation that they have seen 74 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Karina is the first severely ill ME patient that the clinic has had contact with.

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Report edited from an account provided by ME Foreningen, Danmark, with permission of the Hansen family.
For more information on the ME Association of Denmark’s postcard campaign go here on Facebook
For information on Bodily Distress Syndrome see Part Two of Dx Revision Watch Post:
ICD-11 Beta draft and BDD, Per Fink and Bodily Distress Syndrome
Something rotten in the state of Denmark: Karina Hansen’s story: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2Xc
Noget råddent i staten Danmark: Karina Hansen: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2Xc
Etwas ist faul in Dänemark: Karina Hansens Geschichte: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2Xc
Il y a quelque chose de pourri au royaume du Danemark: l’histoire de Karina Hansen: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2Xc

‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ in Current Biology, 22 April, 2013

‘Somatic Symptom Disorder’ in Current Biology

Post #238 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2NG

The April 22 edition of Current Biology publishes a feature article on DSM-5 by science writer, Michael Gross, Ph.D.

The article includes quotes from Suzy Chapman and Allen Frances on the implications for diverse patient groups for the introduction of the new Somatic Symptom Disorder into the next edition of the DSM, scheduled for release in May.

The article also mentions the influence of Somatic Symptom Disorder on proposals for a new ICD category – Bodily Distress Disorder – being field tested for ICD-11 and ICD-11-PHC [1].

…Chapman and Frances are concerned that the new definition of SSD will also be reflected in ICD-11. ICD-11 is field testing a new category Bodily Distress Disorder proposed to replace six or seven existing ICD-10 somatoform disorders, which, according to working group reports on emerging proposals, mirrors the DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder definition, says Chapman.

The article can be read in full at:

Current Biology 22 April, 2013 Volume 23, Issue 8

Copyright 2013 All rights reserved. Current Biology, Volume  23, Issue  8, R295-R298, 22 April 2013
doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.009

Feature

Has the manual gone mental?

Michael Gross

Full text: http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(13)00417-X

PDF: http://download.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/PIIS096098221300417X.pdf

1 ICD-11 Beta drafting platform: Chapter 5: Bodily Distress Disorder: Mild; Moderate; Severe

ICD-11 Beta draft and Bodily Distress Disorders; Per Fink and Bodily Distress Syndrome: Parts One and Two

ICD-11 Beta draft and Bodily Distress Disorders; Per Fink and Bodily Distress Syndrome Parts One and Two

Post #222 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2Dz

Caveats: The ICD-11 Beta drafting platform is not a static document: it is a work in progress, subject to daily edits and revisions, to field test evaluation and to approval by Topic Advisory Group Managing Editors, the ICD Revision Steering Group and WHO classification experts. The current draft may differ to the information in this report.

Part One

On January 6, I posted a brief update on proposals for the revision of ICD-10’s Somatoform Disorders based on what can be seen in the public version of the ICD-11 Beta drafting platform and on a book chapter by Professor, Sir David Goldberg. [1]

Professor Goldberg chairs the working group for revision of the mental health chapter of ICD-1o-PHC, the abridged, primary care version of ICD-10.

For the revision of ICD-10’s Somatoform Disorders sections for ICD-11, a WHO Expert Working Group on Somatic Distress and Dissociative Disorders has been assembled.

Professor Francis Creed (also a member of the DSM-5 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Work Group) is a member of this WHO working group, which is chaired by Professor Oye Gureje.

An April 2011 announcement by Stony Brook Medical Center states that Dr Joan E. Broderick, PhD had been appointed to the WHO Expert Working Group on Somatic Distress and Dissociative Disorders and that the first meeting of the group (said to consist of 17 international behavioral health professionals) was expected to be held in June 2011, in Madrid.

WHO has not published a list of  members of this working group or any progress reports and the names and affiliations of the 14 other members are unknown, so I am unable to confirm whether Professor Per Fink is a member of the group, which reports to the International Advisory Group for the Revision of ICD-10 Mental and Behavioural Disorders.

ICD-11 and Bodily Distress Disorders

ICD-11 is currently scheduled for completion in 2015/16. When viewing the public version of the Beta drafting platform please bear in mind the ICD-11 Revision Caveats: that the Beta draft is a work in progress, updated daily, is incomplete, may contain errors and is subject to change; not all proposals may be approved by the ICD-11 Revision Steering Committee or WHO classification experts, or retained following analysis of ICD-11 and ICD-11-PHC field trials.

The Bodily Distress Disorders section of ICD-11 Beta draft Chapter 5 can be found here:

Foundation View: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/f/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1472866636
Linearization View: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1472866636

As the ICD-11 Beta drafting platform stands at the time of compiling this report, the existing ICD-10 Somatoform Disorders are proposed to be subsumed under or replaced by Bodily Distress Disorders, and Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere.

The following proposed ICD-11 categories are listed as child categories under parent term, Bodily Distress Disorders, and Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere:

EC5 Mild bodily distress disorder
EC6 Moderate bodily distress disorder
EC7 Severe bodily distress disorder
EC8 Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere

No Definition or any other Content Model parameters have been populated for the proposed categories EC5, EC6 and EC7, which are new entities to ICD. (EC8 is a legacy category from ICD-10.)

Note that the sorting codes assigned to categories are subject to frequent change as chapters are reorganized.

From the information currently displaying in the Beta draft, it is not possible to determine:

• how ICD-11 proposes to define Bodily Distress Disorders;

• what diagnostic criteria are being proposed;

whether diagnostic criteria would be based on a requirement for excessive or disproportionate psychological and behavioral characteristics in response to distressing somatic symptoms, such as illness anxiety, symptom focusing, catastrophising, maladaptive coping strategies, avoidance behavior or misattribution; or based on somatic symptom counts, or specific symptom clusters, or number of bodily systems affected, or a combination of these;

how the three Severity Specifiers: Mild, Moderate and Severe would be categorized;

• how the three Severities would be assessed for within primary and secondary care;

whether ICD-11’s proposed Bodily Distress Disorder construct is intended to mirror or incorporate DSM-5’s Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) construct, in line with ICD-11/DSM-5 harmonization, or

whether it is intended to mirror or incorporate Per Fink’s Bodily Distress Syndrome (BDS) construct, or to combine elements from both;

whether the Bodily Distress Disorder construct is proposed only to be applied to patients with distressing ‘medically unexplained somatic symptoms’ (MUS), or the so-called ‘Functional somatic syndromes’ (FSS), if the patient is considered to also meet the BDD criteria, or

whether it is proposed to be inclusive of patients with distressing somatic symptoms in the presence of diagnosed illness and general medical conditions, if the patient is considered to also meet the criteria;

• whether the Bodily Distress Disorder construct is proposed to be inclusive of parents or caregivers perceived as encouraging maintenance of sick role behavior or over-involved.

whether the Bodily Distress Disorder construct is proposed to be inclusive of children;

whether it is proposed that all or selected of the following: Neurasthenia and Fatigue syndrome (F48.0), Chronic fatigue syndrome (indexed to G93.3 in ICD-10; classified in ICD-11 Beta draft as an ICD Title term in Chapter 6: Diseases of the nervous system), IBS (K58), and Fibromyalgia (M79.7) should be reclassified under Bodily Distress Disorders;

• whether the Bodily Distress Disorder construct is proposed to subsume ICD-10’s Hypochondriacal disorder with somatic symptoms or incorporate this entity under Illness Anxiety Disorder for ICD-11.

(For ICD-11, ICD-10’s Hypochondriacal disorder [F45.2] is currently proposed to be renamed to Illness Anxiety Disorder and located underANXIETY AND FEAR-RELATED DISORDERS.)

 • what ICD-11 proposes to do with ICD-10’s Neurasthenia;

(ICD-10’s Chapter V Neurasthenia [F48.0] is no longer listed in the public version of the ICD-11 Beta draft. For ICD-11-PHC, the primary care version of ICD-11, the proposal is for the term Neurasthenia to be eliminated. Since terms used in ICD-11-PHC require corresponding terms in the main classification, the intention may be to eliminate Neurasthenia from the main version, or subsume under another term.) [2]

All that can be determined from the Beta draft is that these earlier ICD-11 Beta draft Somatoform Disorders categories appear proposed to be subsumed under or replaced with the new BDD categories, EC5, EC6 and EC7, set out above:

Somatization disorder [F45.0 in ICD-10]
Undifferentiated somatoform disorder [F45.1 in ICD-10]
Somatoform autonomic dysfunction [F45.3 in ICD-10]
Persistent somatoform pain disorder [F45.4 in ICD-10]
    > Persistent somatoform pain disorder
    > Chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors [Not in ICD-10]
Other somatoform disorders [F45.8 in ICD-10]
Somatoform disorder, unspecified [F45.9 in ICD-10]

I have previously reported that for ICD-11-PHC, the proposal, last year, was for a new disorder section called Bodily distress disorders, under which would sit new category Bodily stress [sic] syndrome.

This category is proposed for the ICD-11 primary care version to include “milder somatic symptom disorders” as well as “DSM-5’s Complex somatic symptom disorder” and would replace “medically unexplained somatic symptoms.” [2]

In a future post (Part Three of this report), I shall be discussing emerging proposals for the ICD-11 construct, Bodily Distress Disorders, which may serve to fill in some of the gaps.

In the meantime, since it is unclear whether and to what extent the ICD-11 Bodily Distress Disorders category is proposed to mirror or incorporate the Bodily Distress Syndrome construct developed by Per Fink et al, Aarhus, Denmark, I am providing some material on Bodily Distress Syndrome in Part Two

Update on ICD-11 Beta draft: Bodily Distress Disorder

Updates on ICD-11 Beta draft: Bodily Distress Disorder (proposed for ICD-11 Chapter 5: Mental and behavioural disorders); Chronic fatigue syndrome; Postviral fatigue syndrome; Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis (Chapter 6: Diseases of the nervous system)

Post #218 Shortlink: http://wp.me/pKrrB-2Bg

Dr Elena Garralda presentation slides:

http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/Garralda%20E.pdf

or open here: Click link for PDF document    Garralda presentation Somatization in Childhood

Slide 1

Somatization in childhood

The child psychiatrist’s concern?

Elena Garralda

CAP Faculty Meeting, RCPsych Manchester, September 2012

Slide 11

New ICD-11 and DSM-V classifications

. Somatoform disorders >>>
– Bodily distress syndrome (ICD-11)
– Complex Somatic symptom disorder (DSM-V)

[Preceded by downward pointing arrow]

“Unexplained” or “functional” medical symptoms (CFS, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome)

[Preceded by upward pointing arrow]

Physical complaint (s)
with subjective distress/preoccupation ++,
illness beliefs impairment
health help seeking

+++

Notes on ICD-11 Beta drafting platform and DSM-5 draft by Suzy Chapman for Dx Revision Watch:

These notes may be reposted, if reposted in full, source credited, link provided, and date of publication included.

January 6, 2013

1] The publicly viewable version of the ICD-11 Beta drafting platform can be accessed here:
Foundation view: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/f/en
Linearization view: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en

2] The various ICD-11 Revision Topic Advisory Groups are developing the Beta draft on a separate, more complex platform accessible only to ICD-11 Revision.

3] The ICD-11 Beta draft is a work in progress and not scheduled for completion until 2015/16. When viewing the public version of the Beta draft please note the ICD-11 Revision Caveats. Note also that not all proposals may be retained following analysis of the field trials for ICD-11 and ICD-11-PCH, the abridged Primary Care version of ICD-11:
http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/Help/Get/caveat/en

4] The Bodily Distress Disorders section of the ICD-11 Beta draft Chapter 5 can be found here:
http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/f/en#/http%3a%2f%2fwho.int%2ficd%23F45
http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fwho.int%2ficd%23F45

According to the public version of the ICD-11 Beta drafting platform, the existing ICD-10 Somatoform Disorders are currently proposed to be replaced with Bodily Distress Disorders, and Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere, not with Bodily distress syndrome as Dr Garralda has in her slide presentation.

The following proposed ICD-11 categories are listed as child categories under parent, Bodily Distress Disorders, and Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere:

EC5 Mild bodily distress disorder
EC6 Moderate bodily distress disorder
EC7 Severe bodily distress disorder
EC8 Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified elsewhere

There are no Definitions nor any other descriptors populated for the proposed, new ICD categories EC5 thru EC7.

EC8 is a legacy category from ICD-10 and has some populated content imported from ICD-10.

+++
These earlier ICD-11 Beta draft Somatoform Disorders categories appear proposed to be eliminated and replaced with the four new categories EC5 thru EC8, listed above:

Somatization disorder [F45.0 in ICD-10]
Undifferentiated somatoform disorder [F45.1 in ICD-10]
Somatoform autonomic dysfunction [F45.3 in ICD-10]
Persistent somatoform pain disorder [F45.4 in ICD-10]
    > Persistent somatoform pain disorder
    > Chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors [Not in ICD-10]
Other somatoform disorders [F45.8 in ICD-10]
Somatoform disorder, unspecified [F45.9 in ICD-10]

5] The existing ICD-10 Chapter V category Neurasthenia [ICD-10: F48.0] is no longer accounted for in the public version of the ICD-11 Beta draft. I have previously reported that for ICD-11-PHC, the Primary Care version of ICD-11, the proposal is to eliminate the term Neurasthenia.

(I cannot confirm whether the currently omission of Neurasthenia from the Beta draft is due to oversight or because ICD-11 Revision’s intention is that Neurasthenia is also eliminated from the main ICD-11 classification.)

+++
6] I have previously reported that for ICD-11-PHC, the abridged, Primary Care version of ICD-11, the proposal, last year, was for a disorder section called Bodily distress disorders, under which would sit Bodily stress syndrome [sic].

This category is proposed for ICD-11 Primary Care version to include “milder somatic symptom disorders” as well as “DSM-5’s Complex somatic symptom disorder” and would replace “medically unexplained somatic symptoms.”

7] Dr Garralda lists Complex Somatic symptom disorder (DSM-V) on Slide 11 of her presentation.

The manual texts for the next edition of DSM are in the process of being finalized for a projected release date of May 2013. The next edition of DSM will be published under the title DSM-5 not DSM-V . The intention is that once published, updates and revisions to DSM-5 will be styled: DSM-5.1, DSM-5.2 etc.

When the third draft of DSM-5 was released in May 2012, the proposal was to merge Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder with Simple Somatic Symptom Disorder and to call this hybrid category Somatic Symptom Disorder.

This would mean that this new disorder has the same name as the overall disorder section it sits under, which replaces DSM-IV’s Somatoform Disorders.

As any subsequent changes to draft criteria sets following closure of the third stakeholder review are embargoed, I cannot confirm whether the SSD Work Group has decided to rename this category to Somatic symptom Disorder or retain the original term, Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder, the term used by Dr Garralda in her presentation.

+++
8] Turning from ICD-11 Beta draft Chapter 5 Mental and behavioural disorders to Chapter 6 Diseases of the nervous system:

As previously reported, Chronic fatigue syndrome is listed under Diseases of the nervous system in the Foundation View. There is no listing for Chronic fatigue syndrome in the Linearization View nor is the term listed in the PDF for Chapter 6, that is available to those who are registered with ICD-11 Beta draft for access to additional content:

http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse/f/en#http%3a%2f%2fwho.int%2ficd%23G93.3

Documentation from the ICD-11 iCAT Alpha draft dating from May 2010, implies that the intention for ICD-11 is a change of hierarchy for the existing ICD-10 Title term Postviral fatigue syndrome.

In the ICD-11 Beta draft, Chronic fatigue syndrome (which was listed only within the Index volume of ICD-10 and not listed in Volume 2: The Tabular List) appears to be elevated to ICD Title term status, with potentially up to 12 descriptive parameters yet to be completed and populated in accordance with the ICD-11 “Content Model”.

But the current proposed hierarchical relationship between PVFS and CFS for ICD-11 remains unconfirmed.

See image for documentation from the iCAT Alpha drafting platform, from May 2010:

https://dxrevisionwatch.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/change-history-gj92-cfs.png

There is no discrete ICD Title term displaying for Postviral fatigue syndrome in either the ICD-11 Beta Foundation View or Linearization View.

Neither is there any discrete ICD Title term displaying for Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis in either the Foundation View or Linearization View.

Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis appears at the top of a list of terms under “Synonyms” in the CFS description. [The hover text over the asterisk at the end of “Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis” reads, “This term is an inclusion term in the linearizations.”]

Postviral fatigue syndrome is also listed under “Synonyms” along with a number of other terms imported from other classification systems.

Included in this list under “Synonyms” are “chronic fatigue syndrome nos” and “chronic fatigue, unspecified,” both of which appear to have been sourced from the as yet to be implemented, US specific, ICD-10-CM.

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At some recent, unspecified date, a Definition has been inserted for ICD-11 Title term Chronic fatigue syndrome into the previously empty Definition field. An earlier Definition was removed when the Alpha draft was replaced with the Beta draft but can be seen in this screenshot, here, from June 2010:

https://dxrevisionwatch.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/2icatgj92cfsdef.png

The current Definition reads (and be mindful of the ICD-11 Caveats):

“Chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by extreme chronic fatigue of an indeterminate cause, which is disabling andt [sic] does not improve with rest and that is exacerbated by physical or mental activity.”

There are no Definition fields for Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis or Postviral fatigue syndrome as these terms are listed under “Synonyms” to ICD-11 Title term, Chronic fatigue syndrome.

+++
Since one needs to be mindful of the ICD-11 Caveats and as the Chair of Topic Advisory Group for Neurology has failed to respond to a request for clarification of the intention for these three terms and the proposed ICD relationships between them, I am not prepared to draw any conclusions from what can currently be seen in the Beta drafting platform.

I shall continue to monitor the Beta draft and report on any significant changes.

For definitions of “Synonyms,” “Inclusions,” “Exclusions” and other ICD-11 terminology see the iCAT Glossary:
http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icatfiles/iCAT_Glossary.html

+++
Related material:

http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/8%20Ash%20IC2012.pdf

Presentation slides: Medically Unexplained Symptoms pages

Dr Graham Ash, Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust

Website pages featured in the slide presentation:

Medically Unexplained Symptoms

http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/expertadvice/improvingphysicalandmh/aboutthissite.aspx

Dx Revision Watch Post, June 26, 2012: ICD-11 Beta drafting platform: Update (2): Neurasthenia, Postviral fatigue syndrome (PVFS), Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Fibromyalgia (FM), Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): http://wp.me/pKrrB-2mC